Presentations on the topic of the siege of Leningrad, download for class. Presentations on the topic of the siege of Leningrad, download for class hour Lifting the siege of Leningrad 70 years presentation

Slide 1

Why did you portray me So brave and so beautiful, Like a woman in her prime? best forces, With a proud and clear smile? But, without accepting severe reproaches, the Artist will say with pride and joy: - Because you are love and life itself, Fearlessness and glory of Leningrad! March 8, 1942 Olga Berggolts Teacher of history and social studies - Sevumyan G.M.

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Siege of Leningrad - a military blockade by German, Finnish and Spanish forces involving volunteers from North Africa, Europe and the Italian navy during the Great Patriotic War Patriotic War Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). Lasted from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944 (the blockade ring was broken on January 18, 1943) - 872 days.

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At the beginning of the blockade, there were 2 million 544 thousand people in Leningrad, including about 400 thousand children. There was no time to carry out the evacuation: bombing and shelling began, and the city found itself surrounded by the enemy.

During the shelling of Leningrad

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Anti-aircraft gunners conduct surveillance in one of the districts of Leningrad

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Monument to Peter I in a protective device on Decembrist Square

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Anti-aircraft battery on Universitetskaya embankment

1942 Place of filming: Leningrad

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Loading the dead and wounded onto trucks on Vosstaniya Square after another enemy shelling

October 1941 Place of filming: Leningrad

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Nurses providing assistance to victims of enemy shelling

December 1943 Place of filming: Leningrad

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In September 1941, the supply of food, fuel and medicine to the city stopped. September 10 and 11, 1941 a recount of all food supplies was carried out: flour and grain remained for 35 days, cereals and pasta - for 30, meat - for 33 days, fats - for 45, sugar and confectionery– for 60 days. Ration cards were introduced. Points were closed catering. People began to feel hungry. All public buildings and factories were mined. Within the walls educational institutions and hotels, hospitals were set up.

A resident of starving Leningrad with a daily ration of bread

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In November 1941, Hitler declared: “Leningrad itself will raise its hands: it will inevitably fall, sooner or later. No one will free themselves from there, no one will break through our lines. Leningrad is destined to die of starvation.” However, this did not happen. Life continued in besieged Leningrad. The factories operated at full capacity, producing military products. Cinemas operated, works of music and literature were created. Children were born.

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The only road that connected Leningrad with the mainland and supported life in the city was Lake Ladoga - the Road of Life. The capacity of this route was small, enemy bombing significantly hampered transportation, but it was along it in early December, on thin ice, that the first cars and convoys went to the besieged city. It was through this that adults and children were taken out of the besieged city.

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Spring on the “Road of Life”

1942 Location: Lake Ladoga

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Defenders of the Ladoga military flotilla on the “Road of Life”

1943 Filming location: Lake Ladoga

Slide 21

After the failure of the German blitzkrieg, V. Leeb was removed from command of the North group. His place was taken by Colonel General G. Küchler. Following Hitler's orders, the new commander began to wage a war of annihilation. The Germans fired at the streets, dropped bombs, and flooded food carts.

Results of the shelling. Leningrad, December 1943

German heavy siege weapon shelling Leningrad

Slide 22

The Wehrmacht leadership began implementing a new capture of the city. The operation was called “Nordlicht” - “Northern Lights”. It began on September 14, 1942. With the strongest artillery fire, German troops were supposed to suppress the resistance of the city, and then capture Leningrad from the east, cutting off the Road of Life. The operation lasted until October 10, 1942 and ended in failure. The military initiative passed to the Soviet army.

The Soviet command undertook a whole series attempts to lift the blockade, but they were unsuccessful.

Slide 23

On January 18, 1943, the blockade was broken in a narrow area along the southern shore of Lake Ladoga by forces of the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts, but the enemy still remained in its positions west of Leningrad and still expected to take the city. The spring and summer of 1943 were spent in a difficult maneuvering struggle for bridgeheads, in preparation for a decisive offensive. On January 14, troops of the Leningrad Front under the command of General L.A. Govorova went on the offensive and on January 27, 1944 Leningrad was completely liberated from the siege.

Slide 24

After the blockade of the city was eliminated, women washed away the inscription “When shelling, this side of the street is the most dangerous”

1944 Place of filming: Leningrad

Slide 25

Sometimes there are no names left from the heroes of bygone times, Those who accepted mortal combat have become just dirt and grass,

Only their formidable valor settled in the hearts of the living. This is the eternal flame, bequeathed to us alone, We keep it in our chests.

Item: story
Class: 5-9
Lesson type: learning new material
Target: to form in students an idea of the course of the siege of Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War; promote students' cognitive activity; development of patriotism
Equipment: projector, PC, speakers, Presentation “Siege of Leningrad”, Handouts“The Diary of Tanya Savicheva”, Questionnaire “Me and the lesson “Lifting the Siege of Leningrad”, a decorated poster “The Apple Tree of Life of Leningrad” with glued apples, on the back of which there are questions, candles and a saucer with a 125 gram piece of bread.

Lesson progress:

I. Organization
II. New topic.
A symphony sounds.
Slide No. 1

A student reads a poem.
Quiet. Hear: as if somewhere
The heart of our planet beats...
This is power asserting over everyone,
Time walks across the planet.
Quiet. Do you hear?
Slide No. 2

These are not thunderstorms, this is life speeding up.
And along the rails, soaring towards the stars,
Our new century is thundering!
And suddenly: wait, don’t make noise!

You see - scarlet granite and flames.
Stay: Give me a moment.
This is what I tell you, Memory.
Well, wait, look: the obelisk,

Read the names and dates:
It was here that the battles took place,
There was once a war raging
Here once upon a time, behind the ranks,
Years passed - soldiers.

Forty-one, forty-second,
Forty-third, fourth and fifth...
I know that you are rushing to the stars,
I know - you make the Earth more beautiful.

Only this stone was lowered from a height,
Stay, bow, put flowers:
The most modest bouquet of daisies.

Teacher's word:
It was a long time ago, more than 70 years ago, but the further these days go, the heavier the burden becomes on our shoulders. We have no right to forget about all the sacrifices made by our people, about the hardships and deprivations of the wartime, about the exploits at the front and in the rear. And in our 21st century, it is necessary to know and remember what our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, grandmothers and great-grandmothers endured, what they went through and how they survived.
The sound of a serena.
Slide No. 3

The war began on a Sunday, early in June. Our troops were not prepared for the brutal pressure of the Nazis and retreated with huge losses. They retreated, leaving cities and villages behind them.
Today we will devote our class hour to one of these cities, about the most terrible tragedy of the Great Patriotic War.
The city stands above the Neva. A large and beautiful city - a hero, a city - a soldier, a city-worker. Each city has its own face, its own destiny, its own history. The city has changed its name several times in its history.
Slide No. 4

- What was the name of the city during its existence? (Children answer: St. Petersburg, Petrograd, Leningrad)
- What is the name of the city today? (Children answer: St. Petersburg)

But today we will talk about Leningrad.
This is exactly what the theme of our class hour “Lifting the siege of Leningrad” sounds like.
Slide No. 5

Presenter1 :
History knows many examples of heroic defense of fortresses and cities. One of such epics of human courage, perseverance and selfless patriotism was the defense of besieged Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War.
Slide No. 6

The fascist German command set the task of taking possession of the city, razing it to the ground and making it uninhabitable. Failed! In three weeks the city did not surrender. Then Adolf Hitler relied on famine. “Leningrad will eat itself up,” he said cynically.
Presenter 2:
Slide No. 7

On September 8, the city was surrounded on three sides, with Lake Ladoga on the fourth. This means that you cannot leave the surrounded city either by train or by car. Air raids were carried out in which 276 fascist aircraft took part; Leningrad was bombed 6 times during the day. Nobody could come to the city. There is no way to replenish food supplies: flour, cereals, butter... The Germans bombed food warehouses.
Presenter 1:
Slide No. 9

A shell fell on the banks of the Neva,
Throwing fragments and an explosive wave
Into the cast iron carving, onto the pavement.
Stunned lions from the entrance
They rushed in all directions along the street.
Presenter 2:
Slide 10

Leningraders rose to defend their Motherland. At the head of the defense were Marshal Leonid Aleksandrovich Govorov and Colonel General Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov. Leningrad and its suburbs turned into a powerful fortified area. In most houses, as a result of the bombing, glass was broken, and the windows had to be covered with plywood. The power plants stopped working, the houses were dark even during the day. With the arrival of cold weather, water and sewer pipes froze. People had to go to the Neva River for water.
Slide No. 11 (video)
Famine began in Leningrad. From November 13, 1941, the norm for the distribution of bread to the population was reduced. Lake Ladoga is frozen.
Presenter 1:
Slide No. 12

Pieces of bread are brought to the tables on a saucer
… Oh, we found out in December-
It’s not for nothing that it’s called a “sacred gift.”
Ordinary bread, and grave sin -
At least throw a crumb on the ground...
In December, the population began to receive the lowest norm for the entire period of the blockade - 125 grams. The bread was raw and consisted of two-thirds wood pulp and wheat dust from the mill.
To fill the incomparable suffering from hunger, people tore off wallpaper from the walls to eat cloister, caught rooks, dogs and even cats.
A severe famine began.
Leningraders began to die of hunger: they died on the way to work, at home, at the machine. During the entire blockade - 900 days, 641 thousand inhabitants died of hunger.
Slide No. 13

Whole families died.
A task for the attentive.
Slide No. 14

The word teacher I
The horrors of the siege of Leningrad were brought to us by one little girl, Tanya Savicheva, who, losing strength from hunger, wrote irregularly and sparingly in her diary, small entries about how her closest relatives died before her eyes.
Slide No. 15

Working with handouts. (Handout “The Diary of Tanya Savicheva”)

Study the text and illustrations.
- What struck you most from the story of an eleven-year-old girl?
Teacher's word
Tanya herself died of dystrophy on June 1, 1944. The girl's diary became an incriminating document in 1945 at the Nuremberg trial of the Nazis.
In 1941, the city was dying, but hungry people continued to work and produce military products, work on the radio, publish books, and stage plays.
Slide No. 16

On November 22, 1941, the Road of Life resumed its operation in Ladoga. 60 vehicles set out on their first ice voyage.
Slide No. 17(video)
The ice cracks and bends under the cars. “Suddenly he can’t stand it. This is true! One car failed! The driver managed to jump out, and the car sank, but the others got through.” Day and night, GAZ trucks walked along the ice road, under bombs and shells.
It became easier in the spring. The first grass appeared and the menu of Leningraders became “very rich”:
- plantain cabbage soup,
- quinoa balls,
- cutlets made from beet tops.
And the Nazis continued to bomb the city!
Heroes - protect the sky.
Student message
Slide No. 18

One of these was Alexey Sevastyanov. He fought a battle with a fascist bomber in the sky above the city. Alexey has run out of ammunition. The people on the rooftops watching the battle froze. Sevastyanov directed his plane at the enemy and hit the fascist plane with its engine. It flared up and flew down... Applause and shouts of “bravo” were heard on the roofs of the houses! the enemy plane crashed. Hitler's pilots parachuted down and were captured. Alexey continued to successfully defend the Leningrad sky.
Presenter 2:
Slide No. 19

On January 27, 1944, as a result of an operation by Soviet troops, the blockade was lifted.
Slide No. 20

The outcome of the blockade was terrible. In 900 days, 800 thousand people died. It is to them that the sad and solemn words inscribed on the wall of the Piskarevsky cemetery in Leningrad are dedicated: “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.”
Eternal memory to the dead.
Minute of silence
Teacher's word
Slide No. 21(video)
Candles are burning
Today we talked a lot about the heroes of Leningrad, about their courage and dedication.
- How do you understand the concepts of patriotism and courage?
Give definitions and give examples (Concepts are written on the board)
Teacher's word
641 thousand residents of the besieged city died of starvation. In his New Year's order, Hitler thanked his soldiers “for creating a blockade unprecedented in the history of the world” and assured that Leningrad would soon “be like ripe apple will fall at our feet." But the apple tree survived - the apple tree of life, the apple tree of the heroic people.
We also have the “Apple Tree of Leningrad Life” (an apple tree is drawn on the board with apples attached to tape, with questions on the back). Let's see what questions it conceals.
Students approach one at a time the apple tree drawn on a poster with apples glued to tape. They pick apples with a question glued to the back. The student reads it, and he or those present respond.
Questions for apples:
When did the siege of Leningrad begin?
When was the blockade of Leningrad lifted?
What is the name of the city of Leningrad today?
How many grams of bread were given according to the norm?
How many people died from hunger?
Whose diaries were presented at the Nuremberg trials?
What is patriotism?
What holiday do we celebrate on January 27?
III. Bottom line
Slide number 22

Target:

1. Fostering patriotism, a sense of pride for your country, for your people.

Tasks:

1. Introduce the children to the concept of blockade;

2. To introduce a terrible period in the life of our country on the basis of poetic creativity;

3. Arouse in children a sense of compassion and pride for the resilience of their people during the siege of Leningrad and throughout the Great Patriotic War with the help of musical works and poetic literature.

They will live in our hearts forever
Heroes of the past war.
Their memory is endlessly dear to us,
And with this you and I are strong.

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Slide captions:

The Leningrad blockade was established on September 8, 1941, when Shlisselburg was captured by fascist troops. This was the last land route that led from Leningrad to the mainland. Ladoga remained as the last hope for supplying the besieged city. Lake Ladoga has a difficult character, and since the founding of St. Petersburg, bypass waterways have been built to bypass the lake for transportation. There were no marinas or piers on the shores of Ladoga. But already on September 12, the first navigation on Lake Ladoga began. From the mainland, cargo was delivered first to Volkhov, from there to Novaya Ladoga, and then by water to the western bank to the Osinovets lighthouse. During this period, 60 thousand tons of various cargo were delivered to the besieged city and about 33,500 Leningraders were evacuated.

On November 17, two groups carried out reconnaissance of the ice route. On November 20, the first horse convoy was carried along the ice Road of Life, and a day later - the first convoy. In total, during the first winter of the blockade, the ice road operated for 152 days. During this time, 361 thousand tons of various cargo were transported, including 262.5 thousand tons of food. More than 550 thousand Leningraders and more than 35 thousand wounded were evacuated from the city. The second navigation along Ladoga began on May 23, 1942, during which over 1 million tons of various cargo were transported in both directions. About 540 thousand people were evacuated from the city.

From December 19, 1942 to March 30, 1943, the ice Road of Life was in operation again for 101 days. During this period, more than 200 thousand tons of various cargo were transported, including over 100 thousand tons of food, and about 89 thousand people were evacuated. On January 18, 1943, with the capture of Shlisselburg by Soviet troops, the Leningrad blockade was broken. A railway was built along the southern coast of Lake Ladoga to the Polyany station, later called the Victory Road. But the Ladoga communication also continued to operate until the final lifting of the siege of Leningrad on January 27, 1944.

“Here, after breaking the Blockade under enemy fire, crossings and a railway line were built to connect besieged Leningrad with the country.

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Slide 1

Why did you portray me So brave and so beautiful, Like a woman in the prime of her life, With a proud and clear smile? But, without accepting severe reproaches, the Artist will say with pride and joy: - Because you are love and life itself, Fearlessness and glory of Leningrad! March 8, 1942 Olga Berggolts Teacher of history and social studies - Sevumyan G.M.

Slide 2

The Siege of Leningrad was a military blockade by German, Finnish and Spanish forces involving volunteers from North Africa, Europe and the Italian Navy during the Great Patriotic War of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). Lasted from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944 (the blockade ring was broken on January 18, 1943) - 872 days.

Slide 3

Slide 4

Leningrad during the siege

Slide 5

Anti-aircraft gunners conduct surveillance in one of the areas of Leningrad in 1942. Place of filming: Leningrad

Slide 6

Monument to Peter I in a protective device on Decembrist Square on August 8, 1941. Place of filming: Leningrad

Slide 7

Anti-aircraft battery on Universitetskaya embankment 1942. Place of filming: Leningrad

Slide 8

Loading the dead and wounded onto trucks on Vosstaniya Square after another enemy shelling. October 1941. Place of filming: Leningrad

Slide 9

View of Nevsky Prospekt during enemy shelling in 1942. Place of filming: Leningrad

Slide 10

Nurses providing assistance to victims of enemy shelling. December 1943. Place of filming: Leningrad

Slide 11

In September 1941, the supply of food, fuel and medicine to the city stopped. September 10 and 11, 1941 a recount of all food supplies was carried out: flour and grain remained for 35 days, cereals and pasta - for 30, meat - for 33 days, fats - for 45, sugar and confectionery - for 60 days. Ration cards were introduced. Public catering establishments were closed. People began to feel hungry. All public buildings and factories were mined. Hospitals were established within the walls of educational institutions and hotels. A resident of starving Leningrad with a daily ration of bread

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A woman carries a deceased person during the siege of Leningrad

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Malt Oats Husk Cellulose 20-50%

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In the spring on the “Road of Life” 1942. Filming location: Lake Ladoga

Slide 20

Defenders of the Ladoga military flotilla on the “Road of Life” 1943. Filming location: Lake Ladoga

Slide 21

Slide 22

The Wehrmacht leadership began implementing a new capture of the city. The operation was called “Nordlicht” - “Northern Lights”. It began on September 14, 1942. With the strongest artillery fire, German troops were supposed to suppress the resistance of the city, and then capture Leningrad from the east, cutting the Road of Life. The operation lasted until October 10, 1942 and ended in failure. The military initiative passed to the Soviet army. The Soviet command made a number of attempts to lift the blockade, but they were unsuccessful.

Slide 23

Slide 24

After the liquidation of the blockade of the city, women wash away the inscription “When shelling, this side of the street is the most dangerous” 1944. Place of filming: Leningrad

Slide 25

From the heroes of bygone times, sometimes there are no names left, Those who accepted mortal combat, Became just dirt and grass, Only their formidable valor Settled in the hearts of the living. This is the eternal flame, bequeathed to us alone, We keep it in our chests.

Slide 26

The memory is eternal, the silent glory, The easy, light, illuminated path... The one who was able to step over the coffin then has the right to life O. Berggolts

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