Khokhloma children's works. Modeling lesson “Golden Khokhloma”

Plasticineography "Golden Khokhloma". Master class with step by step photos.

Chasovskikh Svetlana Olegovna, teacher of preschool educational institution No. 98 M.O. Lyubertsy district Oktyabrsky village
Purpose: production of plasticine printing for a sample.
Target: Making work in the style of Khokhloma painting.
Tasks: Introduce children to artistic folk crafts - Khokhloma painting, consider its elements.
Strengthen your skills in working with plasticine.
Learn to make a pattern yourself using elements of Khokhloma painting.
To cultivate love and respect for our Russian traditions.
Develop fine motor skills of the hands.
Develop composition skills.
Materials: wax plasticine, cardboard, stack, pencil or pen without a rod.

Khokhloma painting is a bright, original phenomenon of Russian folk arts and crafts. This traditional artistic craft arose in the 17th century in the Nizhny Novgorod province and received its name from the large trading village of Khokhloma, where all wooden products were brought for auction.
Initially, Khokhloma dishes were made at monasteries and intended for the royal court. Subsequently, when cheap metal and earthenware dishes competing with Khokhloma appeared on the markets, the unusual coloring of Semyonov’s products ensured their popularity and sales.
So in the 19th century. Khokhloma dishes could be found in every corner of Russia, as well as in Persia, India, Central Asia, the USA and Australia. After the World Exhibition of 1889 In Paris, the export of Khokhloma products has increased sharply...
In 1916 The School of Artistic Woodworking was opened in Semenov, the first graduates of which, headed by G.P. The Matveevs organized a small artel (1931), which later grew into a large production association of the Order of the Badge of Honor, Khokhloma Painting.
Since the mid-1960s. and to this day, the Khokhloma Painting enterprise is largest producer artistic wood products with Khokhloma painting. Thanks to the talented team, the traditions of ancient masters are preserved and enhanced. And the city of Semenov is rightfully considered the capital of Golden Khokhloma.
Khokhloma painting patterns contain three primary colors: red, black and gold; auxiliary colors, used in small quantities, are green and yellow. The painting is applied by masters of this craft - with a brush by hand without preliminary marking. There are two main types of Khokhloma painting: “mountain” (in red and black on a golden background) and “under the background” (golden pattern on a colored background). Traditional “grass” and “leaf-like” ornaments are usually classified as “top” painting. “Grass” is a painting that includes images of blades of grass and twigs painted in red and black paint on a gold background. The “leaf-like” painting consists of an image of oval leaves and berries, usually located around the stem. Painting “to match the background” is based on a large golden pattern, on a red or black background.

Nowadays, many needlewomen began to use the wood carving technique - Khokhloma painting. Drawings of this style are displayed not only in the form of carvings, but also in embroidery, decoupage, glass painting, etc. And, you can see that this style has integrated very well into our lives. It harmonizes perfectly with all needlework techniques.

Step-by-step execution of work.

Let's take a sheet of cardboard. On it, in random order, place the centers of large flowers made of red plasticine, I made three.

Add yellow and red peas.

We take yellow plasticine, make a small drop and give it the shape of a petal; I made 6 petals for each flower.

Place it around the middle.

If you liked everything. We begin to press the petals and press them down harder with the stack, drawing a pattern.

We make twigs with thin sausages, placing them on the cardboard in random order.

We sculpt leaves from a drop of plasticine, give it shape without drawing a picture.

We place them on the branches, press them down and draw the veins in a stack, pressing the leaf harder onto the cardboard.

Add small leaves, filling the space as much as possible.

Now we’ll make small flowers, which consist of red and yellow peas. We place them on the pattern.

Add a black pea to the center, and press down the yellow petals with a pencil or pen without a rod.

Let's add more leaves and twigs to our work (optional). Our work is ready.

MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
"KINDERGARTEN "KOLOBOK" S. PEROVO" SIMFEROPOL DISTRICT
REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

Abstract

directly educational activities

Subject: "Golden Khokhloma"

Educational area: "Artistic and aesthetic

development"

Prepared by the teacher

Senior speech therapy group

MBDOU "Kindergarten "Kolobok"

S. Perovo", Simferopol district

Kononova Tatyana Vitalievna

Tasks:

Educational: continue to introduce children to Khokhloma painting, teach how to depict elements of painting using plasticine, using templates, use the tool correctly - a stack, reinforce the techniques of rolling and rolling;

Educational:develop a sense of composition, the ability to beautifully arrange a pattern on a given silhouette, sensorimotor skills - consistency in the work of the eyes and hands, creative thinking, imagination, attention;

Educational:cultivate interest in folk crafts and traditions, mutual respect, and the desire to work together;

Material: wax plasticine in yellow, green and red colors, a blank panel made of black cardboard, stacks, boards for modeling, patterns of leaves, flowers and birds, audio recordings of Russian folk songs “Oh, Curly Rowan”, “Rowan”, melodies with ditties about Khokhloma, exhibits fairs of folk craftsmen from Gzhel, Zhostovo, Khokhloma.

Preliminary work: reading poems about folk crafts, looking at albums with elements of folk paintings / Zhostovo, Gzhel, Khokhloma /, learning proverbs about labor, folk ditties, making molds and rowan branches - kriul from yellow wax plasticine;

Vocabulary work: plasticineography, panels, Khokhloma, Gzhel, Zhostovo; Direct educational activities.

Children enter the group and stand in a semicircle, greeting guests: “Welcome, dear guests!”

1.Entering a game situation.

The teacher draws the children's attention to a beautifully decorated group in folk style.

Guys, look at the unusual atmosphere in our group. Today we have a fair of handicrafts here.

Who knows what folk crafts are?/children’s answers/

It’s true that for a long time good craftsmen who made and then painted beautiful dishes and household items enjoyed good fame among the people. How did they talk about such masters?

-"Handyman!"

That’s right, now I’ll read you riddles, and you try to guess what types of folk paintings we’re talking about.

The children sit down on the carpet. The teacher makes riddles about the types of folk paintings.

*Snow-white daisies

They applied it to the trays

Roses, poppies, forget-me-nots

They blossomed in a black field./Zhostovo painting/

The teacher puts a picture on the easel depicting a product in the style of Zhostovo painting.

Well done, guys, how does Zhostovo painting differ from other paintings?/Children’s answers/

Yes, indeed, the flowers, which are located on a black background, distinguish this painting from others. Next riddle.

*This dish is simply a miracle,

The color blue is running everywhere

And a pattern is born -

I can’t take my eyes off./Gzhel painting/

A picture with an image is displayed Gzhel painting.

Guys, remember why the folk craftsmen from the city of Gzhel chose the blue color for their painting? /children’s answers/

The last riddle, listen carefully.

*All leaves are like leaves

Here everyone is golden,

People call this kind of beauty.../Khokhloma/

Guys, what elements of Khokhloma folk painting do you know? /children’s answers/

There are types of paintings that can be described in one word. For example, Gzhel is called blue because there is a lot of blue in it, but how would you say about Khokhloma in one word? What is it?/Golden/

Guys, let’s make autumn gifts for your parents with the motifs of this painting, because there are so many gold coins in Khokhloma autumn colors. These are wonderful panels - paintings that can be hung on the wall. Let's repeat this word. Alina, please repeat this word. We will carry out our painting not with paints, but with the help of wax plasticine. This technique is called "plasticinography". Let's repeat this word. Individual answers.

Do you know that folk craftsmen worked not only one at a time, but also in twos and threes to help and complement each other. Let's try to make a panel in pairs. I have a box with chips, we take a chip and sit down at the table with the same color. There is an interactive game “Find a Pair”. The children take their places. The teacher tells and shows step by step execution work.

Please note that we have already started designing the panels in the previous lesson? What have we already done with you? /Criul/

First I'll make the bird. To do this, I’ll take a yellow plate, put a bird template on top, circle it and cut it out using a stack, and attach it to the middle of the circle. Then I’ll cut out the leaves and attach them to a rowan branch. Next, I’ll take a ball of red plasticine and roll out a thin roller with straight hand movements, cut identical bars into stacks, roll up rowan berries, and attach them to the panel using a pressing technique. Then, using the template, I will cut out the flowers from the yellow plate and also attach them to the panel. And at the end of the work, I will decorate the bird by making a wing from a leaf template, feathers, leaves and rowan berries using a stack. What a beautiful panel it turned out to be.

Now, before we get started, let's exercise our fingers.

2. Finger gymnastics “Rowan Leaves” is carried out

Rowan leaves are quietly spinning / clench and unclench your fists/

Leaves fall quietly under your feet / circular rotations with hands/

And they rustle and rustle underfoot/ rubbing palms with straight movements/

As if they want to get dizzy again/ alternate connection of fingers/

Guys, first you will have to agree on who will cut out which elements, and if there are several identical elements, for example flowers, leaves and rowan berries, you can cut them out and sculpt them together.

-WITHwhat will you start working on?

Then what needs to be done?

How will you decorate your work?

The children get to work. Russian folk songs are played. After finishing work, the children come out with their panels and hang them on an easel to show to the guests.

The final part.

Look what beautiful panels you have made.

Which panels did you like the most? Why?

You and I know that ditties are sung at the fair. Will we please our guests?

Children line up in a semicircle and sing ditties.

*Autumn, autumn all by itself

Hides gold in bins

Well, what kind of gold is this?

Everything is pure Khokhloma!

*Khokhloma, so Khokhloma

I'll decorate all the houses

And then to the street,

Rooster and chicken!

*Grandfather before lunch

Made me draw

After all, in beautiful dishes

It's a pleasure to pour cabbage soup!

We are your farewell guests

Let's say together: “Goodbye!

Children invite guests to see the exhibits of the fair.

Khokhloma - old Russian folk craft, born in the 17th century in the Nizhny Novgorod district. An old legend tells: once upon a time there lived a man in the Nizhny Novgorod forests, on the banks of a quiet river. We don’t know who he is or where he came from. The man carved wooden cups and spoons and painted them so that they seemed to be made of pure gold. The king found out about this and became angry: “Why don’t I have such a master in my palace?! Give it to me! Immediately!" He tapped his staff, stamped his foot, and sent soldiers to take the craftsman to the palace. The soldiers set off to carry out the royal order, but no matter how much they searched, they could not find the master’s miracle. He went to God knows where, but first he taught local peasants how to make gold utensils. In every hut cups and spoons sparkled with gold.

The village of Khokhloma, Koverninsky district, Nizhny Novgorod region, is considered the birthplace of Khokhloma.

Products for Khokhloma painting, most often dishes and furniture, are made of wood. But before painting on them, the surface is coated with a primer and shiny oil using a special technology. Then this shiny surface is tinned - aluminum powder is rubbed into it with a soft cloth, from which it becomes silvery and very smooth, and after varnishing - golden. The dishes are painted “Khokhloma” with oil paints. Traditional elements of Khokhloma are red juicy rowan and strawberries, flowers and branches. Birds, fish and animals are also often found.

Red, black, gold and green are the colors of Khokhloma. To liven up the pattern, a little white is allowed.

Painting can be “high” - a design is applied to a silver blank in red and black; and “under the background” - first the outline of the ornament is outlined, and then the background is filled with black paint, while the pattern itself is not painted, but remains silver. When we varnish, the silver coating will turn golden and look as if it was made of gold :)

Let's practice horse Khokhloma painting? To do this, you need to print a sheet with the pattern or utensils you like. And there - pick up a brush and paints and go!

Grass - a pattern of large and small blades of grass. Pattern elements: sedges, blades of grass, droplets, tendrils, curls and bushes.

Herbal ornament.

Leaf pattern - stems and leaves.

The berry pattern includes the following ornaments: lingonberry, gooseberry, currant, strawberry, rowan, raspberry.

The “gingerbread” ornament is usually painted inside a cup or dish; it is a geometric figure (square or rhombus) decorated with grass, berries, and flowers.

In painting "under the background" the element "curl" is more often used. Curl painting is a rich, lush pattern with round, intricate curls reminiscent of curls. It is not the patterns themselves that are drawn, but the dark background. And the resulting pattern is supplemented with small colored elements (postscripts). This process is much more labor-intensive than horse painting.

Painted items are coated with a special varnish 4-5 times (with intermediate drying after each layer) and finally hardened for 3-4 hours in an oven at a temperature of +150 +160 °C until a golden-colored oil-varnish film is formed. This is how the famous “golden Khokhloma” is obtained.

MIRACLE-KHOKHLOMA

Subject: Spoon “Miracle Khokhloma”.

Age: children of senior preschool and primary school age

Type: integrated lesson.

Form of interaction: group, subgroup.

Target: making a “Miracle Khokhloma” spoon using plasticineography technique.

Tasks:

1. Cultivate interest and continue to introduce children to folk crafts.

2. Learn to decorate a three-dimensional plane with elements of a Khokhloma painting pattern, performing work using the “plasticineography” technique.

3. To consolidate children’s knowledge about the color scheme and elements of Khokhloma painting: berries, flowers, curl of grass.

4. Develop the eye and fine motor skills of the hands.

Methods and techniques:

Visual (sample finished work, samples of dishes, illustrations with elements of Gzhel painting, presentation).

Verbal (literary word, teacher’s story).

Practical (doing the work independently).

Materials for the lesson:

spoon template on thick cardboard (red, gold)

drawing the ornament

plasticine set (black, yellow, red, green, white),

samples of Khokhloma products and a sample of finished work,

napkin,

beads (yellow).

multimedia projector;

PowerPoint presentation "Miracle Khokhloma".

Progress of the lesson:

1. Main part.

(The children are sitting in play area on chairs. In front of them is a teacher in a Russian folk festive costume. Next to it is a table with a variety of dishes from Khokhloma masters (spoons, bowls, mugs)).

Attention! Attention! Attention!

A fun party is starting!

Hurry up, honest people,

The fair is calling you!

To the fair! To the fair!

Hurry up everyone here!

There are jokes, songs, sweets

We've been waiting for you for a long time, friends!

What does your soul desire -

You will find everything at the fair!

Everyone chooses gifts

You won't leave without purchasing!

Hey, don't stand at the door

Come visit us soon!

People gather -

Our fair is opening!

Guys, a fair is opening in our group today. Do you know what this is? A fair is a large auction held in one place and at the same time with entertainment and entertainment. People came to the fair to buy something or sell their goods. A fair is always a holiday, so people always wore festive clothes to the fair to show off themselves and to see others.

The fair always has a wide variety of goods to suit every taste. Each master praises his products, and the seller of the miracle dishes, which shimmer in the sun like gold, especially tries:

Admire my product

Just don't haggle!

The spoons are gilded, the patterns are twisted!

Come on, come on,

Buy, buy!

There are no more beautiful products

Our Khokhloma!

Teacher: And really, guys, look how good the dishes are, decorated with Khokhloma painting (demonstrates the dishes). Would you like to know where this painting was born? So, listen (Presentation “Miracle Khokhloma”).

Presentation of "Miracle Khokhloma"

In the old days, people ate from wooden utensils. And in the trading village of Khokhloma, Nizhny Novgorod Trans-Volga region, skilled craftsmen made wooden dishes and painted them beautifully painted, were sent to other cities. People liked this dishware for its brightness, festiveness, and patterns. Cups, spoons, and ladles were a great success. Later they began to make children's furniture. Khokhloma residents have been making their dishes with great diligence for more than three hundred years. Everyone also uses a lot of invention and imagination, coming up with patterns that they look for in the surrounding nature. On Khokhloma dishes, a blade of grass curls and swirls, and berries peek out from it: currants, rowan, raspberries and strawberries, or strange flowers and birds. They painted Khokhloma with red, green, black and gold paints, sometimes adding brown and orange. You can’t take your eyes off the bright Khokhloma dishes!

Like a sorceress - a firebird

Doesn't go out of my mind

Sorceress-craftswoman,

Golden Khokhloma.

And rich and beautiful

I am glad to see the guest from the bottom of my heart.

Cups, bowls and ladles,

And what’s missing here:

Bunches of fiery mountain ash,

Sunny summer poppies

And meadow daisies.

I absorbed everything like a memory:

Dawn of red rays

And patterned ornament

Ancient Suzdal brocade.

And the fair is in full swing, songs can already be heard, and cheerful Parsleys are inviting people to ride the carousel.

Physical education lesson “Carousel”.

Barely-barely-barely

The carousels are spinning

(children begin to move slowly)

And then, then, then

Everybody run, run, run

(the pace of speech and movement accelerates)

Let's run, let's run,

Let's run, let's run,

Hush, hush, don't rush.

(pace slows down)

Carousel os-ta-no-vi-te.

(everyone stopped)

One-two, one-two,

So the game is over.

(everyone bows to each other).

2. Practical part.

Teacher: So you and I visited the fair, had fun, saw people, showed ourselves. But they usually return from the fair not empty-handed, but with goods and gifts. So we will bring you a Khokhloma spoon from the fair. And we will paint it not with paints, but with plasticine.

Stages of work completion

Before starting work, you should repeat with your children the elements of the Khokhloma painting pattern (Presentation Slide 17-21) ( different types berries: strawberries, leaves of different shapes, decorative flowers, curl, blades of grass). Offer to look at the dishes with Khokhloma painting and a sample of the finished work, think over the composition of the drawing, and if the child wishes, use another element of Khokhloma painting).

Element execution technology:

Blades of grass. Thin sausages of green (yellow) color with a flattened (pointed) outer tip.

Curl. Roll out a thin sausage from green (yellow) plasticine, attach one end to the main branch, gradually wrapping the other edge of the sausage in a circle.

Leaves. Roll out the green sausage, cut it into equal parts, flatten the ends of each on both sides, secure it to the surface, pressing it to the base. Using a stack, draw veins on the leaves.

Strawberry. Roll out a red ball, lightly press it to form a flat cake, slightly flatten the berry on one side, attach it to the branch and fix it on the surface of the glass near the main branch. Roll out thin sausages from green plasticine, divide them in a stack into four parts: out of three, place the sepals on the wide part of the berry, the fourth connects the berry to the main branch. Roll out very small yellow peas (or replace with yellow beads) - seeds, scatter randomly over the berry.

Currant. Roll out the red (black) sausage, divide it into pieces in a stack, from which roll out small balls with your finger - berries. Make a thin sausage out of green plasticine, secure it with one edge to the main branch and place paired berries on both sides and one at the end of the branch.

Rowan. Roll out two thin yellow sausages and lay out a long sprig of rowan from one. Divide the other sausage in a stack into equal parts and lay out the silhouette of a bunch of them under the main branch. Roll out a sausage from red plasticine, divide into small pieces in a stack, from which roll into balls - berries, attach to a branch-cluster. Roll out a long green (or any other color) sausage, divide it into columns and lay out a complex rowan leaf from them (each leaf has a pair, and only one upper leaf does not have a pair).

Flowers. Roll out a sausage from white plasticine, divide it into five parts, from which roll into balls. Place the petal balls near the center, slightly flattening them on the surface. Then fill the middle with yellow beads.

Doing work independently

We take a colored cardboard blank and a black piece of plasticine.

And cover the bottom of the spoon, spreading the plasticine in an even layer over the surface of the cardboard.

Let's start forming the leaves. Roll out the sausage.

We sharpen on both sides and flatten.

We make three leaves and arrange them according to the composition.

We form two identical balls from red plasticine.

We flatten and sharpen the lower part.

We place it on the workpiece.

Let's start forming the flowers. To do this we roll out

two identical sausages made of white plasticine.

We divide it into five equal parts.

We roll balls.

Place on a spoon to form a flower.

Flatten it by pressing it into the surface.

Let's start working with yellow plasticine.

Cut off small pieces and form thin sausages-flagella.

We twist the flagella, placing them on the surface according to the composition or arbitrarily.

We place blades of grass over the entire surface of thin flagella.

We also form a sepal from the flagella, consisting of three or five blades of grass and a “tail”.

Use thin sausages to decorate the top of the spoon.

We “revive” the composition by applying veins on the leaves.

We decorate the middle of the flowers.

Also, using pea beads, we arrange the seeds in random order.

The “Miracle Khokhloma” spoon is ready!!!

Physical training “Bud”

(Performed near tables while doing work)

Every bud

(Palms together and raise your arms up above your head)

I'd be glad to bow down

(Tilt left - right, hands behind head)

Left and right

Back and forth.

(Bends forward - backward)

From the wind and heat

(Circular movements of the body left - right)

These buds

(Hands behind head)

They hid quickly

In a flower bouquet.

(Hands down, keep your posture)

3. Final part.

Teacher: You have created a wonderful product in the Khokhloma style, made in an unusual way. I think that your works would also be in demand at the fair. This work can be varnished and given as a souvenir. And with this spoon (sample of work), we will decorate our corner " Folk art" Thank you guys!

List of used tempetaruta:

Davydova G. N. Plasticineography- 2. - M.: Publishing house “Scriptorium. 2003", 2011. - 96 p.

Clients A.E. Folk crafts. - M.: White City, 2002. - 48 p.

Khokhloma painting. Workbook. - M.: Mosaic-Synthesis.

Poem about the fair from the site http://kidsclever.ru/

Plasticineography or drawing with plasticine is relative new look children's creativity and a type of unconventional drawing, which is available to children both at home and in kindergarten. As the name implies, the main material in plastinography is plasticine, which is applied to a horizontal dense base - cardboard, glass, plastic or thick paper. You can also create paintings in mixed media, complementing plasticine drawings on paper with beads, sequins, natural materials and graphic drawings. Children usually really like plasticineography and become their favorite activity. There are many reasons for this: firstly, it is very easy to create plasticine drawings on cardboard, secondly, plasticineography helps relieve muscle and nervous tension, thirdly, plasticine paintings can be easily corrected - if something doesn’t work out, then this part can be just remove the stack and redo it.
Plasticine drawing technique

To draw with plasticine you will need the following materials:

• cardboard or thick paper;
• wooden or plastic board for rolling out plasticine;
• a container of water for wetting hands;
• a set of multi-colored plasticine;
• wet hand wipes;
• set of stacks of different shapes.

Creating crafts using plasticineography technique consists of the following operations:

1. Select a base drawing to create a picture from plasticine. For the youngest artists, it is best to start drawing with plasticine with a rainbow. We transfer the sketch of the image we like onto the cardboard, paying attention to what background the selected picture will look better against: white or colored.

2. Separate small pieces from the plasticine bars and apply them to the base in accordance with the plan. We use various modeling techniques:

• rolling - a piece of plasticine, located between the palms or the palm and the board, is rolled out using straight-line movements of the hands, acquiring a cylindrical shape;
• rolling - a piece of plasticine takes on a spherical shape using circular movements of the brushes;
• smoothing - used to create flat and smooth surfaces;
• flattening - squeezing a ball of plasticine into a cake;
• topping;
• pulling back

3. To create pictures from plasticine with a large number of details, as well as more expressive drawing of objects, you can use a medical syringe without a needle. A block of plasticine is placed inside the syringe and carefully heated, and then carefully squeezed out with long thin “threads”. For thicker threads, you can use a pastry syringe. You can heat the syringe by immersing it in a container of hot water, or placing it on a radiator.

4. To obtain softer transitions between colors and obtain the necessary shades of plasticine, different colors of plasticine are simply mixed by hand. In this case, you need to remember the following nuances:

• You should not mix more than two colors of plasticine at the same time, otherwise the color will turn out dull;
• You can achieve a brighter and deeper shade by mixing black plasticine with any color;
• Pastel shades can be obtained by mixing with any color of white plasticine.