System of standards for ergonomic requirements and ergonomic support. 23 System of technical maintenance and repair of equipment
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SYSTEM OF STANDARDS FOR ERGONOMIC REQUIREMENTS AND ERGONOMIC SUPPORT
GENERAL ERGONOMIC REQUIREMENTS
Official publication
GOSTSTANDARD OF RUSSIA Moscow
Preface
1 DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization “Ergonomics” (TK 201)
3 This standard implements the norms of the “Fundamentals of Legislation Russian Federation on labor protection" dated August 6, 1993 No. 5600-1 and the resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation "On mandatory certification permanent jobs for production facilities, means of production, equipment for collective and individual protective equipment" dated May 6, 1994 No. 485
4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
© IPK Standards Publishing House, 1997
This standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated or distributed as an official publication without the permission of the State Standard of Russia
1 Scope of application...................................1
3 Definitions...................................2
4 General provisions..................................4
5 Requirements for the elements and organization of the RM......5
5.1 Information display tools................................5
5.2 Controls...................................5
5.3 Control panel................................6
5.4 Work chair...................................9
5.5 Footrest...................................10
5.6 Lighting...................................10
5.7 Noise........................................11
5.8 Microclimate...................................11
STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
System of standards for ergonomic requirements and ergonomic support
WORKSTATION OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICES DISPATCHER
General ergonomic requirements
System of ergonomic requirements and ergonomic assurance standards. Air traffic control service operator's workplace. General ergonomic requirements
Date of introduction 1998-01-01
1 AREA OF APPLICATION
This standard applies to the workplace (WP) of an air traffic control (ATC) dispatcher who controls the movement of aircraft at the aerodrome, air traffic control in the aerodrome area, on routes, off-routes, local air lines as part of modernized and newly created automated and non-automated ATC systems, as well as RM simulators for air traffic controllers.
The standard establishes general ergonomic requirements for the elements of the air traffic controller’s workplace, the parameters of the following factors external environment in the workplace: lighting, noise, microclimate.
Governing body - technical means in the control system, designed to transfer control actions from the operator to the machine (according to GOST 26387).
An information display device is a device in the “man-machine” system, designed for the HMS operator to perceive signals about the state of the object of influence, the “man-machine” system and methods of controlling them (according to GOST 26387).
The motor field is a part of the MFM operator’s workplace, in which the controls used by the MFM operator are located and his motor actions to control the MFM are carried out (according to GOST 26387).
Physiologically rational working posture- a working posture that meets the criteria for functional comfort, namely: characterized by a straightened position of the spinal column while maintaining its natural curves;
minimal load on the muscular system of the human body; absence of painful sensations as a result of the impact of the elements of the chair on the body of a sitting person;
a pelvic tilt angle close to its value in a standing position (about 40 "-45 ");
angle of flexion of the arms at the elbow joints 70 ‘-90 *; the angle of flexion of the legs at the knee and ankle joints is 95"-135" (according to GOST 21889).
Percentile is a hundredth part of the volume of the measured population, to which a certain value of an anthropometric characteristic corresponds. The percentile values are determined arithmetically, taking into account the arithmetic mean value of the anthropometric characteristic M and the standard deviation coefficient, which for the 5th percentile is M - 1.645a, and for the 95th percentile M + 1.645a (according to GOST 21889).
A dispatcher is a person who carries out labor activity, the basis of which is interaction with the object of influence, the machine and the environment in the workplace using an information model and controls.
Information model is a conditional display of information about the state of the object of influence, the “man-machine” system and methods of managing them (according to GOST 26387).
Workplace air traffic controller - part of the air traffic control center space, equipped with a control panel on which information display devices, communication terminals, controls, as well as a work chair are located and intended for carrying out ATC activities.
The dispatcher's control panel is an element of the dispatcher's workplace on which information display facilities, communication terminals and controls are located.
Field of vision is the space expressed in angular measure within which an object can be perceived if the head and both eyes are motionless.
Direct brilliance is brilliance that appears in the presence of luminous surfaces (lamps, windows, etc.) in directions close to the direction of vision.
Reflected brilliance is brilliance that appears when there are elements of specular reflection of luminous surfaces in the field of view.
Observation distance - the distance between the controller’s eye and the sign displayed on the information display equipment.
Frequently used means of displaying information - means of displaying information that requires error-free and timely reading and is repeatedly used by the dispatcher when performing basic control tasks.
Less frequently used means of displaying information are means of displaying information that is subject to restrictions on the accuracy and timeliness of reading and which is used by the operator when performing basic control tasks.
Rarely used information display tools - information display tools for monitoring individual parameters in rare situations during the execution of control tasks.
Frequently used controls are controls designed to enter continuous parameters or discrete parameters important for the control process and used by the dispatcher when performing basic control tasks.
Less frequently used controls are controls designed to turn on individual system nodes, switch operating modes, display and are used by the dispatcher when performing basic control tasks.
Rarely used controls are controls used by the dispatcher in rare situations during the performance of control tasks.
4 GENERAL PROVISIONS
4.1 The design of the air traffic controller's PM should ensure the ability to carry out labor activity in a sitting position, without creating an overload of the musculoskeletal system and providing conditions for visual and auditory perception of information and the transmission of control influences.
4.2 The design of the PM elements must provide the necessary space for the dispatcher in accordance with anthropometric characteristics for men in the range from 5 to 95 percentile according to GOST 12.2.049. Ensuring the specified range
should be achieved by adjusting the height of the seat of the work chair and footrest or the height of the working surface.
4.3 The main elements of the air traffic controller's PM are:
information display means (ID),
control bodies (OU),
control panel,
dispatcher's work chair.
An auxiliary element of the dispatcher's work station is a footrest.
4.4 Control of ergonomic requirements established by this standard is carried out in accordance with GOST R 29.08.004.
5 REQUIREMENTS FOR ELEMENTS AND ORGANIZATION OF RM
5.1 Information display tools
5.1.1 Safety requirements and ergonomic requirements for the parameters and characteristics of COI screens on cathode ray tubes - in accordance with GOST R 50948.
5.1.2 Ergonomic requirements for SOI scale reading devices, such as a mechanical “counter”, - according to GOST 22902.
5.1.3 Ergonomic requirements for digital sign-synthesizing indicators - according to GOST 29.05.002.
5.1.4 The surfaces of SOI screens must have anti-reflective coatings or anti-reflective filters.
5.2 Controls
5.2.1 Depending on the specifics of the organization of human-machine interaction in the air traffic control system, the following devices can be used for entering and editing information: a keyboard, a mouse, a ball joystick, panels with touch sensors, switches and rotary switches of the toggle type, keyboards and buttons. A foot switch (pedal) can be used as a device for switching the communication channel to transmission.
5.2.2 General ergonomic requirements for the keyboard - according to GOST 27016.
5.2.3 General ergonomic requirements for switches and rotary switches - according to GOST 22613; keyboard and push-button - according to GOST 22614; “toggle switch” type - according to GOST 22615.
5.2.4 The ball joystick must rotate easily, smoothly, without stalling or jamming. The rotation force of the ball joystick should not exceed 1 N.
5.2.5 To prevent slippage and jamming of the manipulative
For mouse-type devices, a horizontal field of at least 25 x 12.5 cm should be provided.
5.2.6 A panel with touch sensors (touch indicator), being both a means of displaying information and a control element, must respond general requirements GOST R 50948, have a size between the centers of adjacent buttons of at least 20 mm. When a button is pressed, feedback should be provided (in the form of a change in the color or brightness of the button, or a sound signal). The surface of the panel screen must have an anti-glare coating.
5.2.7 The surfaces of the housings and the controls themselves that fall into the dispatcher’s field of view must be matte with a diffuse reflection coefficient of 0.15-0.75.
5.2.8 The foot switch must have:
length - 200-250 mm;
width - 80-100 mm;
pedal travel - 30-50 mm;
pressing force - 45-90 N;
tilt angle in the released position - 15 * -20 *;
corrugated working surface of the pedal;
possibility of touch control of the moment of pressing.
It must be possible to move the foot switch relative to the console within the legroom.
In the working position, the foot switch must be fixed on the surface of the floor or footrest, and must not slide or swing. The weight of the PTT should not cause inconvenience when moving it.
5.3 Control panel
5.3.1 The control panel must comply with the requirements of this standard and GOST 23000. The dispatcher's control panel must contain the equipment necessary to perform all ATC tasks provided for this RM.
5.3.2 To ensure ease of operation with controls and record keeping, the table top of the control panel must have a free horizontal part with a width of at least 600 mm and a depth of at least 300 mm.
5.3.3 The dimensions of the legroom, determined based on the anthropometric characteristics of men at the 95th percentile, should be:
the distance from the floor to the inner surface of the tabletop is at least 700 mm;
legroom width - at least 580 mm; depth at knee level - at least 450 mm (recommended value 460 mm);
depth at floor level - at least 650 mm (recommended value 750 mm).
5.3.4 The controller's console serving aircraft on departure or final approach must be designed to provide visibility of the runways and aircraft for which he is responsible. The taxi controller must be provided with maximum visibility of the airfield to monitor the apron and parking areas aircraft, taxiways and control of the routes of aircraft and special vehicles.
5.3.5 Information display means must be placed on the console in accordance with the requirements for viewing angles:
frequently used SOI - in the optimal field of view; less frequently used SOI - in the peripheral field of view; rarely used SOI - in the maximum field of view (Table 5.3.1). If the main task for the dispatcher requires an overview of the space behind the console, information display tools should be placed in the peripheral and maximum fields of view.
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Table 5.3.1 |
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5.3.6 The location of the information display equipment on the console should ensure the optimal angular size of the signs on the screen - 20"-22" with an observation distance ranging from 400 to 800 mm.
For touch indicators, the viewing distance can be reduced to 300 mm.
5.3.7 The front surfaces of indicator screens on cathode ray tubes must be located so that
Interstate standards included in the SSNT are designated according to a single scheme, which has the form:
GOST 27. X XX - XX
standard group code (0, 1, 2, 3 or 4)
code of the standards system “Reliability in technology” according to the classifier of standards and technical conditions
E.23 System maintenance and equipment repair
Maintenance and repair system
NIKI (STOIRT) is intended for regulatory support of the system of technical maintenance and repair of equipment.
The requirements established by the STOIRT standards are aimed at:
ensuring a given level of readiness of products for intended use and their performance during use;
reducing the cost of time, labor and money for performing maintenance (MOT) and repairs of products.
The composition of the classification groups of standards is given in Table E.9.
Table E.9 - Classification groups of STOIRT standards
Name of the group of standards |
|
General provisions |
|
Requirements for STOIR of specific types of equipment, including |
|
products as objects of maintenance and repair |
|
Requirements for organizing maintenance and repair |
|
Requirements for technological processes Maintenance and repair |
|
Requirements for maintenance and repair equipment |
|
Requirements for metrological support for maintenance and repair |
|
Rules for assessing the quality of maintenance and repair of products |
|
GOST28. 0 01 - 83
last two digits of the year of approval
serial number of the standard in the group
standards group code
code of the STOIRT standards system according to the classifier of standards and technical conditions
The structure of complexes of STOIR standards for specific types of equipment in the general case should correspond to the structure of a complex of STOIR standards.
The designation of STOIRT standards is based on classification criteria. The number is composed of: two digits assigned to the standard class (28); one digit (after the dot) indicating the classification group of standards; a two-digit number defining the serial number of the standard in a given group, and a two-digit number (after a dash) indicating the year of registration of the standard.
Example of a standard designation: GOST 28.001-83 STOIRT. Basic provisions".
E.24 System of standards for ergonomic requirements and ergonomic support
System of standards for ergonomic requirements and ergonomic support contains standards that define
defining ergonomic39 requirements for workplace equipment, methods for assessing the ergonomic compliance of equipment with ergonomic requirements, etc.
Example of a standard: GOST R 29.05.008-96 System of standards for ergonomic requirements and ergonomic support. Air traffic control dispatcher's workplace. General ergonomic requirements.
39 Ergonomics - [Greek. ergon - work, nomos - law] - a science that comprehensively studies functionality person in labor processes in order to optimize tools, working conditions and processes.
E.25 Set of standards “Unified Russian Insurance Documentation Fund”
Set of standards “Unified Russian Insurance”
howl documentation fund" determines the procedure for creating an insurance fund for documentation that is national scientific, cultural and historical heritage and technical requirements to the fund's information carriers.
Example of a standard: GOST R 33.505-2003 Unified Russian Insurance Documentation Fund. The procedure for creating an insurance fund for documentation that is a national scientific, cultural and historical heritage.
E.26 Set of standards “Information technology”
Set of standards “Information technology”
gia" contains standards defining:
cryptographic information protection;
processes for generating and verifying electronic digital signatures;
interface between terminal equipment and data channel termination equipment and distribution of connection contact numbers;
Futurebus+ interface physical layer specifications;
protocol combinations for providing and supporting OSI network layer services;
8-bit encoded character sets;
and other requirements.
Example of a standard: GOST R 34.1350-93 Information technology. Interfaces for interfacing radio-electronic equipment. Basic provisions.
E.27 GOST R certification system
IN Russia, in connection with the transition to market economy, the process of harmonization of domestic standards with European and international ones is constantly underway. For some product groups this harmonization is almost 100%. However, in some areas that directly affect Russia's national security, domestic standards will never be harmonized with international ones.
IN Russia is currently participating in the following international systems certification:
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) system for testing electrical equipment for compliance with safety standards;
Passenger car certification system, trucks, buses and others vehicles(UNECE);
Handgun certification system
and cartridges;
Certification system for electronic equipment products
International certification system for metrological equipment and instruments;
Agreement on mutual recognition of test results of imported aircraft and certification individual parts airplanes;
International Maritime Organization of the United Nations (Maritime Safety Convention).
GOST R certification system contains standards
defining:
rules for certification of quality systems;
basic provisions on the register of quality systems;
procedure for certification of quality management systems for compliance with GOST R ISO 9001-2001 (ISO 9001:2000);
procedure for certification of production;
inspection control of certified quality systems and production;
State registration of voluntary certification systems and their marks of conformity.
Example of a standard: GOST R 40.001 - 95 Rules for certification of quality systems in the Russian Federation.
E.28 Set of standards “Uniform requirements...”
Set of standards “Uniform regulations
..." contains standards defining uniform requirements for the approval of vehicle equipment.
An example of a complex standard: GOST R 41.1-99 Uniform regulations concerning the official approval of automobile headlights producing an asymmetrical beam of low and (or) high beam and equipped with incandescent lamps of category R2 and (or) HS1.
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