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Job description of an auxiliary woodworking work area. Job description of an auxiliary worker Job description of an auxiliary production worker

– a document that should guide a representative of a given profession when performing his or her duties official duties. The instructions regulate the functions of this category of workers, as well as their rights, responsibilities and working conditions. Equally, it allows the company’s management to streamline production processes and supervise the activities of subordinates.

Sample job description for an auxiliary worker

I CONFIRM:
General manager
LLC "Supplies Wholesale"
Shirokov/Shirokov I.A./
"12" August 2014

Job description auxiliary worker

I. General provisions

1.1. This regulatory document regulates the functions, tasks, rights, powers, as well as responsibilities and other working conditions of an auxiliary worker.

1.2. Hiring and dismissal of an auxiliary worker occurs in the manner established by the labor legislation of the Russian Federation and only after the issuance of a separate order from the head of the organization.

1.3. The auxiliary worker must meet the following qualification requirements: education not lower than secondary school, work experience is not required, age at least 18 years.

1.4. The immediate supervisor of the auxiliary worker is the head of the economic section.

1.5. In the absence of an auxiliary worker on site, his official powers are transferred to a person who meets the parameters required for this employee, about which a separate order is issued from the director of the enterprise.

1.6. The auxiliary worker must be familiar with:

rules for working with various types of cargo, including methods of loading and unloading, methods of movement indoors, standards for their placement;
packaging methods various types commodity- material assets, including dangerous, fragile, voluminous, etc.
rules for sorting and sampling of goods and cargo;
arrangement of inventory items by category, type, type, as well as information about their current quantity in the warehouse;
methods of accounting for loaded and unloaded goods;
methods of preparing premises for receiving cargo, as well as conditions for its storage;
types of packaging of inventory items, methods of their use;
methods of securing transported goods;
rules for working with the necessary equipment, instruments, inventory and equipment;
sanitary and hygienic requirements;
the established procedure for working during sanitary hours;
mode of saving electricity consumption, water consumption, etc.;

internal regulations of the organization, work and rest regime, labor protection and safety standards;
fundamentals of Russian law in the field of civil and labor law
methodological manuals, as well as regulations, designed to regulate the activities of an auxiliary worker;
orders, resolutions, instructions of the director of the company, which relate both to him personally and to the activities of his structural unit and the company as a whole;
standards business etiquette, rules of communication with ordinary company employees, management and clients;
this job description and the Charter of the company.

ІІ. Job responsibilities auxiliary worker

In labor functions of this employee includes the following tasks:

loading and unloading of inventory items;
movement of goods for storage in warehouses, distributing them into appropriate compartments;
packaging of goods in the necessary containers (boxes, barrels, packages, bags, etc.);
work with equipment, instruments, and inventory within the framework of the tasks received from the immediate supervisor and one’s own competence;
keeping clean production premises, warehouses and adjacent areas;
elimination of accidents, breakdowns, malfunctions that do not require special qualifications, as well as their consequences;
ensuring the safety of inventory, inventory, equipment;
assistance in the work of other employees of the enterprise, if there is a corresponding order from the immediate superior;
informing management about all identified emergency situations, as well as dangerous and unusual cases, breakdowns, accidents, malfunctions;
maintaining reports on your work and submitting them to your manager.

III. Rights

An auxiliary worker is given the following rights, initiatives and powers:

3.1. In writing, demand from management to provide normal working conditions that comply with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

3.2. Make proposals aimed at optimizing and improving the work of both yourself in particular and the enterprise as a whole.

3.3. Receive information about all orders, instructions, regulations relating to its activities.

3.4. Improve your qualifications, consult on complex issues with senior employees;

3.5. Demand timely replacement of outdated or unusable tools, instruments, machinery and equipment.

3.6. Communicate with employees of others structural divisions enterprises to solve current problems and issues.

3.7. Demand to ensure the safety of the organization’s property, inventory and documents entrusted for its use.

3.8.. An auxiliary worker has the right to refuse to perform his labor functions and leave workplace if there is a threat to health or life.

IV. Responsibility

Circumstances and situations that may lead to the application of disciplinary punishment against an auxiliary worker:

4.1. Negligent attitude towards work, evasion of performance of one’s labor functions, or improper performance of them.

4.2. Disclosure confidential information And trade secret organizations;

4.3. Causing material damage to the company, customers and employees;

4.4. Systematic violation of rules labor regulations, discipline, work and rest schedule, subordination,

4.5. Violation of standards for ensuring fire and other types of company safety;

4.6. Neglect of the requirements of immediate superiors, as well as non-compliance with the orders and instructions of the director of the organization

Unreliable or deliberately false provision of information to the company’s management;

4.8. Exceeding official authority.

AGREED
Head of HR Department
LLC "Supplies Wholesale"
Meshcheryakova/Meshcheryakova T.V./
"12" August 2014

I HAVE READ THE INSTRUCTIONS:
Timkin Ivan Sergeevich
Assistant worker at Supply Wholesale LLC
Passport 9875 No. 876574
Issued by the Department of Internal Affairs of the Leninsky district of Perm
09/14/2012 department code 123-425
Signature Timkin
"17" August 2014

FILES

Basic rules for writing instructions

There is no such term in the law as “job description”, therefore there is no strictly defined sample of this document. Organizations and enterprises can develop instructions on their own, but it is still advisable to adhere to some standard that has been proven over the years.

In particular, the document should be divided into several sections (depending on the needs of the organization), and also leave space for approval by the head of the company, signatures of the head of the structural unit and the employee himself.
In addition, when introducing points into the main part of the instructions (namely, describing the functionality), one should not forget about the length of the working day and the employee’s work schedule - this will avoid insufficient, or, on the contrary, excessive load on him.

The document is printed in a single copy. If the company employs several people in the same position, if necessary, adjustments can be made to the instructions (to avoid repetition of job responsibilities).

When creating instructions, it is important to remember that although the document is not mandatory for use, in some cases it can be very important. important role: for example, in situations requiring judicial resolution, an instruction can become evidence both on the part of the subordinate and on the part of the employer.

Sample instructions for an auxiliary worker

First, a few lines are left on the right side of the document for approval by the head of the enterprise. They include the full name of the company, the position of the manager in accordance with staffing table, his last name, first name, patronymic. Two lines are left blank - here, after the document is finalized, the boss will have to put his signature, and just below indicate the date of approval of the document.

IN first section First, enter what class of employees the auxiliary worker belongs to (worker, technical staff, specialist, etc.). Then the requirements for education and work experience are indicated, as well as information about who replaces him if such a need arises and to whom he directly reports (here it is enough to enter the position of an authorized employee, without a last name). The fifth paragraph prescribes the procedure for appointing and dismissing an auxiliary worker from the place of work.

Next, the document contains a detailed list of laws, internal documents(orders and instructions), regulations and rules that this employee must know, as well as some basic methods and methods of work that he must master to perform his official duties.

In second section job description is included full list functions that an auxiliary worker must perform, from preparing the workplace to maintaining records as part of his activities. The more detailed and detailed the content of this section is, the better, since it is this part of the document that in some cases plays a decisive role in resolving conflicts and controversial situations in court.

IN third section, which has the heading “Rights,” includes the powers that are vested in the auxiliary worker to increase the efficiency of his work. In particular, here it is necessary to indicate his right to express various initiatives and make independent decisions, the opportunity to interact with employees of other departments and management, as well as in the case of certain circumstances, the right to refuse to perform the functions assigned to him.

Fourth section“Responsibility” defines those offenses and violations for which the enterprise provides for disciplinary punishment (from reprimand to dismissal). It is important that the content of this section fits within the framework of current legislation and in no way violates the civil and labor rights of the employee.

At the end, the instructions must be agreed upon with the person who is responsible for the performance of the duties assigned to him by the auxiliary worker (indicating his position, last name, first name, patronymic), and also hand over the document for signature to the employee himself (with his official and personal data included in the document). After the instruction is properly completed, it is submitted to the head of the company for signature.

___________________________ I APPROVED (name of organization) Director of LLC "..." INSTRUCTIONS ____________ / Full name / Assistant worker "____"________ 20___ woodworking site 1. General provisions 1.1. An auxiliary worker is a worker in the woodworking area and reports directly to the foreman of the woodworking area and the director of LLC "...". 1.2. An auxiliary worker at the woodworking site is hired and dismissed from work by order of the director of LLC "...". 1.3. An auxiliary woodworking worker must know: - the main types of timber used and the properties of wood; - main species and defects of wood; - methods of rough processing of timber; - techniques for clean sawing of timber; - methods of assembly and disassembly of simple wooden structures and their cleaning; - design of an electrified tool and rules for its use; - rules for handling antiseptic and fire retardant compounds and methods for coating wooden parts and structures with them using brushes; - rules for moving and storing goods; - types of defects and ways to prevent and eliminate them; - production alarm; - requirements for the quality of work in related construction processes (rules for sharpening, refueling, adjusting, setting up the tools used and using the necessary devices and measuring instruments); - rules for reading sketches and drawings directly used in the process of work; - requirements for the rational organization of labor in the workplace; - documents, objects, methods and techniques for performing work; - rules for using the working tool used; - requirements for the use of protective equipment; - methods and techniques for performing work safely; - the procedure for notifying the manager of all deficiencies discovered during work; - rules for providing first (pre-medical) aid to victims of injury, poisoning and sudden illness; - Internal labor regulations; - rules of labor protection, industrial sanitation and personal hygiene, fire safety. 2. Responsibilities 2.1. An auxiliary worker in the woodworking area before the start of the working day (shift): - accepts the workplace; - prepares the workplace and personal protective equipment; - checks the serviceability of equipment, tools and devices; - receives a production task; - undergoes, if necessary, instructions on labor protection and safety; 2.2. In the process of work: - performs the work for which he was instructed and authorized to work; - uses special clothing, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment; - processes timber manually (cross-cutting, debarking, trimming) and/or using electrified tools; - receives instructions from the immediate supervisor on the completion of the task, safe techniques and methods of work; - complies with the rules of use technological equipment, devices and tools, methods and techniques for performing work safely; - complies with the requirements of personal hygiene and industrial sanitation; - immediately notifies the immediate supervisor of any deficiencies discovered during work; - provides first (pre-medical) aid to victims of injury, poisoning and sudden illness; 2.3. During the working day (shift), an auxiliary worker at the wood briquettes production site 1) carries out: - fulfillment of production tasks on time in terms of volume of production (work, services), quality, specified nomenclature (assortment); - ensuring production standards; - ensuring trouble-free and reliable operation of the equipment, machinery, tools assigned to him, and their proper operation; - systematic inspection of the machinery, equipment, and tools assigned to him; - identification and elimination of emerging problems of the current nature of the equipment, devices and tools with which it works or which it services; - cleaning production sites and bark, sawdust, debris and snow. 2) eliminates technical faults and takes part in the repair of equipment; 3) carries out other production tasks of direct management, one-time orders of the director of LLC "...". 2.4. An auxiliary worker in the woodworking area at the end of the working day (shift): - cleans tools and devices from dirt and residues; - places the instrument for storage; - removes dirt from workwear and safety shoes, if necessary, places them for drying and storage, places other personal protective equipment for storage; - cleans the workplace; - rents out a workplace; 3. Rights When performing their duties, an auxiliary woodworking worker has labor rights provided for by the agreement concluded with the employee employment contract, Internal labor regulations, local regulations, Labor Code RF and other acts labor legislation. 4. Responsibility 4.1. For poor quality and untimely performance of the duties listed in these instructions, for violation of labor regulations, fire safety and safety regulations, an auxiliary woodworking worker will be subject to disciplinary liability within the limits determined by the current labor legislation Russian Federation. 4.2. An auxiliary worker in the woodworking area carries financial liability for ensuring the safety of the equipment and materials entrusted to him. 4.3. An auxiliary worker at a woodworking site for committing offenses in the course of his activities, depending on their nature and consequences, bears civil, administrative and criminal liability in the manner prescribed by law. 5. Final provisions 5.1. This instruction has been developed on the basis of the Tariff and Qualification Characteristics of the profession "Assistant worker in logging, rafting and timber harvesting. 1st, 2nd categories" (Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Work and Professions of Workers. Issue 37, approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated 29.08 .2001 N 65). 5.2. The employee is familiarized with these instructions upon hiring (before signing the employment contract). 5.3. The job description is reviewed, amended and supplemented as necessary, but at least once every five years. The fact that the employee has familiarized himself with these instructions is confirmed by a signature on the sheet of familiarization with the local regulations of LLC "...", kept by the employer. A copy of the instructions must be kept at the workplace.

Enterprises have employees who perform auxiliary work. These are auxiliary workers. They work on the territory of enterprises, in warehouses, in utility rooms and workshops, and on construction sites. They perform general functions and duties, as well as orders from the superior. The job descriptions of such workers depend on the field of activity. Most often, the work involves cleaning the territory and premises, and servicing cargo. Helper workers in any organization perform hard physical work. They must always be ready to carry out the boss’s orders and provide assistance to employees.

Functional responsibilities of an auxiliary worker in a hospital

IN medical institutions The labor of auxiliary workers is also used. In the hospital they must perform the following job duties:

· follow the orders and instructions of the immediate supervisor;

· maintain order on the hospital grounds: mow grass and trim trees, weed flower beds and remove garbage;

· Perform comprehensive maintenance and minor repairs of buildings, repair and painting of fences;

· Maintain order in the utility rooms and basements, maintain cleanliness;

· clear paths and entrances of ice and snow, sprinkle them with sand;

· clear the roof of snow and icicles;

· carry out loading and unloading operations;

· handle instruments, equipment and other hospital property with care;

· observe deontological ethics;

· avoid situations that could provoke sick people;

· observe labor discipline, labor protection and fire safety standards.

The job description of an auxiliary worker determines the labor relationship. It contains types of employee responsibilities, functional responsibilities, rights, order of subordination, occupation and dismissal, requirements for experience, education.

The document is prepared by the head of the department. Approved by the general director of the organization.

Set out below standard form can be used when drawing up a job description for an auxiliary worker in production, construction, agriculture etc. A number of provisions of the document may differ depending on the specifics of the organization.

Sample of a typical job description for an auxiliary worker

I. General provisions

1. An auxiliary worker belongs to the category “workers”.

2. An adult person who has completed secondary education is appointed to the position of an auxiliary worker, without presenting any work experience requirements.

3. During the absence of an auxiliary worker, his responsibility, functional duties, and rights are assigned to another official, as reported in the organization’s order.

4. The auxiliary worker is directly subordinate to the head of the administrative and economic department.

5. The appointment or dismissal of an auxiliary worker is made by order general director organization on the recommendation of the immediate superior.

6. An auxiliary worker is guided in his activities by:

this job description;
orders, instructions from management;
Charter, internal labor regulations, other governing acts of the organization;
legislative acts of the Russian Federation.

7. An auxiliary worker must know:

methods of unloading, loading, moving, placing cargo, including fragile, fire and explosive goods;
cargo sorting rules;
methods of cleaning premises, equipment, inventory;
loading rules, cargo transportation standards;
arrangement of containers, methods of securing goods that are transported;
location, quantity of material assets, property, inventory;
standards for the use of labor mechanization tools;
hygiene and sanitation requirements for the maintenance of the premises;
organization of the department's work;
instructions, resolutions, orders of management;
methodological, regulatory, and other guidance materials that relate to the activities of an auxiliary worker;
standards of business etiquette, treatment of employees and visitors of the organization;
energy and resource saving mode;
the procedure for carrying out work during sanitary days and hours;
basics of labor legislation of the Russian Federation;
regulatory documents on labor protection, fire safety, industrial sanitation.

II. Job responsibilities of a auxiliary worker

The auxiliary worker performs the following job duties:

1. Keeps utility rooms and storage areas for inventory items clean.

2. Receives tasks and carries out orders from the immediate superior.

3. Prepares his own workplace.

4. Receives inventory and performs work with it.

5. Unloads, loads, moves cargo manually or using mechanized means.

6. Cleans the territory, access roads, premises.

7. Correctly uses work tools and equipment of the organization.

8. Provides assistance in transportation, warehousing, and movement of goods.

9. Fulfills and complies with the requirements of regulatory and governing documents.

10. Eliminates the causes and conditions that cause equipment downtime, accidents, and other damage.

11. Complies with and fulfills the requirements of safety regulations and other regulatory documents on labor protection, fire safety, industrial sanitation, labor legislation.

12. Contributes to the safety of equipment and inventory.

13. Complies with production discipline and internal labor regulations.

14. Takes into account work operations.

III. Rights

An auxiliary worker has the right:

1. Send proposals to management to improve your work and the activities of the organization.

2. Receive the necessary information to perform your official duties.

3. Demand from management to create normal conditions for the execution of their powers and the safety of material assets.

4. Not perform functional duties if there is a danger to life or health.

5. Receive information about the decisions of the organization’s management regarding the activities of its department.

6. Make independent decisions within your competence.

7. Inform your immediate supervisor about identified shortcomings in the organization’s activities. Make proposals for their elimination.

8. Enter into communication with the personnel of the organization’s structural divisions on work issues.

9. Make proposals to management that relate to the work of the organization.

IV. Responsibility

The auxiliary worker is responsible for:

1. Violation of requirements labor discipline, safety standards, internal labor regulations, fire protection.

2. Causing damage to the organization, its counterparties, employees, or the state.

3. Consequences of your decisions, independent actions.

4. Violation of the requirements of the organization’s governing documents.

5. Illegal handling of trade secrets, personal information of employees, disclosure of confidential data.

6. Providing management and employees with knowingly false information.

7. Improper execution their functional responsibilities.

8. Quality of reporting documentation.

9. Violation of the norms of etiquette and business communication.

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1. Organization

1.1 Organizational and legal form of ownership

Closed Joint Stock Company"Orenburg Reinforced Concrete Products" (JSC OZHBI) is located at: Orenburg st. Nagornaya 6.

JSC "OZHBI" has been on the market of manufacturers of reinforced concrete and concrete products since 1972. During this time, we have gone from producing the simplest reinforced concrete and concrete products to producing products of any configuration and any length. This became possible thanks to mutually beneficial cooperation with the German company Ratec.

The production of polymer-reinforced concrete hatches for water supply and sewer wells has been mastered based on patent No. 0032141. In 2007, the production of foundations for anchor-angular supports of power lines of 10-500 kW was mastered.

1.2 Largest projects (contracts) completed by the organizationin the past and current objects

The organization is not engaged in the construction of buildings and structures. Construction work JSC "OZHBI" operates for its own needs.

1.3 Approximate numbernumber of employees of the organization

The average number of employees for 2005 was 156 people.

1.4 Organization structurein the form of a diagram with divisions

2. Object

2.1 Location

Orenburg st. Nagornaya 6.

2.2 Purpose, name of the construction, reconstruction,repairs

The building houses the divisions of the enterprise (director's office, human resources department, accounting department, technical and technical department).

2.3 Scope of work

The bill of quantities was compiled during the development of the practice report and includes a description of construction operations, their technical characteristics with indicated volumes per unit of measurement of each operation.

Bill of quantities

Name of work	Unit of measurement	Quantity
Preparation of documents for practice. Safety briefing.
Studying the history of the development of the enterprise, familiarization with the organizational structure of the enterprise, charter and legislation.
Pasting walls with thick wallpaper
Wall decoration with liquid wallpaper
Cladding walls with ceramic tiles Cladding steps with ceramic tiles
Floor tiling with ceramic tiles diagonally
Alignment of logs by level, step between log axes 50 cm Installation of skirting boards
Registration of the end of the internship. Drawing up a practice report and submitting it to the practice manager for review. Collection of documents and signatures.

2.4 Duration of construction

The duration of the work was 3 weeks (the period of industrial practice).

2.5 Facades, plans and other documentation giving an idea of the object

Not available.

3. Student activity

3.1 The position for which he was hired

3.2 Pelist of job responsibilities

Auxiliary worker 1st category

Characteristics of the work. Performing auxiliary and auxiliary work at production sites and construction sites, warehouses, bases, storerooms, etc. Loading, unloading, moving manually or on trolleys (trolleys) and stacking cargo that does not require care (rolled materials, parquet in packs, boxes, barrels, cardboard, paper, plywood, lumber, etc.), as well as bulk non-dust materials (sand, crushed stone, gravel, slag, coal, garbage, sawdust, metal shavings and other production waste). Cleaning the territory, roads, access roads. Cleaning of workshops, construction sites and sanitary facilities. Washing floors, windows, containers, dishes, parts and products.

Must know: norms, rules for loading and transporting goods; arrangement of containers and methods of securing transported goods.

Auxiliary worker 2nd category

Characteristics of the work. Loading, unloading, moving manually and on trolleys (trolleys) and laying cargo requiring care (glass, bottles, bottles with liquid, flammable and toxic substances, etc.), and dusty materials (loose cement, ground lime, gypsum and etc.). Transportation of all cargo on wheelbarrows, as well as on horse-drawn carts and sleighs. Rolling of wheel pairs to turning machines and rolling stock bogies to locomotives and cars.

Must know: methods of loading, unloading, moving and stowing cargo requiring care and dusty materials; the procedure for preparing acceptance and accompanying documents; cargo sorting procedure.

Worker comprehensive services and repair of buildings 2nd category

Characteristics of the work. Cleaning and maintaining in proper sanitary condition buildings and adjacent areas (yards, sidewalks, sewers, trash cans, waste bins, garbage chutes, landings and flights of stairs, common areas, elevator cabins, basements, attics, etc.). Seasonal preparation of maintained buildings, structures, equipment and mechanisms. Clearing snow and ice from courtyard areas, sidewalks, roofs, gutter covers, etc. Elimination of damages and malfunctions upon request.

Must know: regulations local authorities on issues of sanitation, landscaping, external maintenance of buildings; rules of sanitation and hygiene for the maintenance of streets, premises, garbage chutes, etc.; design and operating rules of the equipment being serviced; safety rules when performing cleaning work.

Worker for complex maintenance and repair of buildings, 3rd category

Characteristics of the work. Periodic inspection technical condition of maintained buildings, structures, equipment and mechanisms, their maintenance and current repairs with the implementation of all types of repair and construction work (plastering, painting, wallpaper, concrete, carpentry, carpentry, etc.) using scaffolding, cradles, hanging and other safety and lifting devices. Routine repair and maintenance of central heating systems, water supply, sewerage, gas supply, drains, heat supply, ventilation, air conditioning and other equipment, mechanisms and structures with plumbing, soldering and welding work. Installation, dismantling and maintenance electrical networks and electrical equipment with electrical work.

Must know: the basics of repair and construction work and how to perform them; types of materials; purpose and arrangement of tools, devices, machines, mechanisms and equipment during work; safety rules when performing repair and construction work.

Worker for complex maintenance and repair of buildings, 4th category

Characteristics of the work. Current repairs of maintained high-rise parts of buildings and structures with all types of repair and construction work. Maintenance and periodic inspection of the technical condition of high-rise parts of buildings and structures of all types: towers, towers, spiers, cornices, etc. Prevention and taking measures to prevent collapses, falls from a height of any objects, as well as parts of the structures of buildings and structures. In winter, cleaning the roofs of high-rise buildings and structures from snow and ice. Maintaining lifting mechanisms, devices and tools in good working order and cleanliness.

Must know: regulations of local authorities on issues of sanitation, external maintenance of buildings, structures, etc.; rules of sanitation and hygiene for the maintenance of streets, buildings and structures; design and operating rules of the equipment being serviced; safety rules when performing repair and construction work.

3.3 Safety obligations of the organization according to SNiP “Occupational Safety in Construction”

Construction of production areas, their technical operation must comply with the requirements of building codes and regulations, state standards, sanitary, fire safety, environmental and other applicable regulatory documents.

Production areas and work areas in populated areas or on the territory of an organization must be fenced to prevent access by unauthorized persons.

The design of protective fences must meet the following requirements:

the height of the fencing of production areas must be at least 1.6 m, and that of work areas - at least 1.2;

fences adjacent to places of mass passage of people must have a height of at least 2 m and be equipped with a continuous protective canopy;

the canopy must withstand snow loads, as well as loads from falling single small objects;

fences should not have openings, except for gates and wickets that are controlled during working hours and locked after its end.

Passage areas for people within hazardous areas must have protective barriers. Entrances to buildings (structures) under construction must be protected from above by a canopy at least 2 m wide from the building wall. The angle formed between the canopy and the wall above the entrance should be 70-75°.

When performing work in enclosed spaces, at heights, or underground, measures must be taken to allow the evacuation of people in the event of a fire or accident.

At the entrance to the production area, it is necessary to establish a diagram of internal construction roads and driveways indicating storage areas for materials and structures, turning points for vehicles, fire water supply facilities, etc.

Internal roads of production areas must comply with building codes and regulations and be equipped with appropriate road signs regulating the order of movement of vehicles and construction machines in accordance with the Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation, approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers - Government of the Russian Federation dated October 23, 1993 No. 1090.

The operation of inventory sanitary buildings and structures must be carried out in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers. The construction and operation of industrial buildings is carried out in accordance with building codes and regulations.

When carrying out excavation work on the territory of populated areas or industrial areas, pits, pits, trenches and ditches in places where there is movement of people and vehicles must be fenced in accordance with the requirements of clause 6.2.2.

In places of crossing over trenches, pits, ditches, transitional walkways must be installed with a width of at least 1 m, fenced on both sides with railings at least 1.1 m high, with continuous cladding at the bottom to a height of 0.15 m and with an additional fencing strip at the height 0.5 m from the flooring.

In production areas, work areas and workplaces, workers must be provided with drinking water, the quality of which must meet sanitary requirements.

Construction sites, work areas and workplaces, passages and approaches to them in the dark must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of state standards. Lighting of enclosed spaces must comply with the requirements of building codes and regulations. Illumination should be uniform, without the glare of lighting devices on workers. Work in unlit areas is not allowed.

For those working outdoors, canopies should be provided to provide shelter from precipitation.

When the air temperature in the workplace is below 10°C, those working outdoors or in unheated rooms must be provided with heating facilities.

Wells, pits and other excavations must be covered with covers, shields or fenced. At night, these fences must be illuminated with electric signal lights with a voltage not exceeding 42 V.

When performing work on or under water, a rescue station (rescue post) must be organized. All participants working on water must be able to swim and be provided with life-saving equipment.

Workplaces and passages to them, located on floors, coverings at a height of more than 1.3 m and at a distance of less than 2 m from the height difference, must be fenced with protective or safety fences, and at a distance of more than 2 m - with signal fences, appropriate requirements of state standards. Openings in the walls with one-sided adjoining of the flooring (flooring) must be fenced if the distance from the level of the flooring to the lower opening is less than 0.7 m.

If it is impossible or economically inexpedient to use protective fences in accordance with clause 6.2.16, it is allowed to carry out work using a safety belt for builders, corresponding state standards, and issuing a work permit.

Passages at workplaces and to workplaces must meet the following requirements: the width of single passages to workplaces and workplaces must be at least 0.6 m, and the clear height of such passages must be at least 1.8 m; ladders or brackets used to lift or lower workers to workplaces located at a height of more than 5 m must be equipped with devices for securing the safety belt halyard (ropes with catchers, etc.).

When workplaces are located on floors, the impact of loads on the floor from placed materials, equipment, equipment and people should not exceed the calculated loads on the floor provided for by the project, taking into account the actual state of the load-bearing building structures.

When performing work at height, below, or under the work site, it is necessary to identify dangerous zones. When combining work along one vertical line (except for the cases specified in clause 4.9), the downstream places must be equipped with appropriate protective devices (flooring, nets, canopies) installed at a distance of no more than 6 m vertically from the downstream workplace.

For the passage of workers performing work on a roof with a slope of more than 20°, as well as on a roof with a coating that is not designed to bear the load from the weight of workers, it is necessary to install ladders at least 0.3 m wide with transverse bars to rest their feet. Ladders must be secured during operation.

Workplaces using equipment that is started from the outside must have an alarm system warning about the start-up, and, if necessary, communication with the operator.

4. Technologicalprocess,fulfilledconstruction site

Before construction begins, it is necessary to carry out a set of preparation works construction site. The scope of work is general in nature for civil and industrial construction, but depends on the local conditions of the site, its location on the terrain and in urban areas, time of year and type of construction (new, expansion, reconstruction).

Preparatory work is divided into off-site and on-site.

Off-site activities include: construction of access roads; engineering networks and structures on them; stripping operations in quarries, dumps, reserves; creation of construction infrastructure (construction industry enterprises, construction camp, mechanization base, warehouses, etc.).

On-site work: arrangement of a geodetic alignment base; clearing the area; preliminary vertical planning; water reduction and drainage; transfer of transit communications and installation of main on-site engineering networks; installation of inventory buildings and technological structures; security measures environment; fencing and lighting of the construction site.

1. Construction of a geodetic base.

A geodetic alignment base is created on the site in the form of a developed network of points fixed with signs that determine the position of the object on the ground. It should provide initial data for subsequent constructions and measurements at all stages of construction. The basis includes: the creation of a geodetic reference network, the breakdown of buildings and structures on the ground, the fixation of axes and the installation of castings.

The reference geodetic basis is created in the form:

a) a construction grid (with side dimensions of 50...400 m, depending on the building density), longitudinal and transverse axes that determine the location of buildings and structures on the ground and their dimensions. Created for the construction of large industrial enterprises, residential neighborhoods, groups of buildings and structures.

b) red lines, longitudinal and transverse axes that determine the location of buildings and structures on the ground. Created for individual construction projects.

c) triangulation or trilateration networks (measuring the sides of triangles using rangefinders), with the main axes of structures attached to them. It is used in the construction of large linear structures (bridges, dams, etc.).

d) polygonometric or theodolite passages along the route and axes of structures. It is created during the construction of roads, pipelines and other similar structures.

2. Clearing the construction site.

The scope of work to clear the area includes:

Clearing the site of unnecessary trees and bushes, uprooting stumps;

Removing the fertile soil layer;

Demolition or dismantling of unnecessary buildings;

Disconnection and relocation of utility networks that fall within the development area;

Preliminary vertical site planning.

3. Drainage and water reduction.

Drainage - removal of surface water from the construction site. To remove water, it is intercepted and taken away from the construction site.

To intercept water, upland and drainage ditches or embankments are installed along the boundaries of the construction site in its elevated part.

Water decline is a decrease in the level of the groundwater horizon (GWL). It is carried out using shut-off drains or water-reducing systems (wells), with the installation of pumps in them and drainage of water.

4. Arrangement of the construction site.

Preparation and arrangement of the construction site include:

Construction of temporary roads and access roads with maximum use of the existing road network;

Laying temporary communications (water supply, electricity supply, heat supply, communications);

Construction of sites for parking and repair of construction vehicles;

Construction site fencing and lighting;

Installation of temporary domestic production premises;

Industrial improvement of the construction site (implementation of decisions on labor protection, industrial sanitation and safety measures laid down by the PNR).

General methods for constructing underground parts of buildings

Technologies for the construction of buildings and structures always imply the construction of earthen structures at the initial stage of construction (when laying foundations, vertical planning, etc.).

Earthworks are construction products obtained as a result of the development, movement or laying of soil, as well as the introduction of additional structures into the ground.

Excavation work, depending on the type of structure, soil properties and technical resources, can be carried out in the following ways:

Mechanical - soil development, in which the soil in the face is destroyed layer by layer by the working body of an earthmoving machine, and is moved vehicles. Work can be carried out using open or closed methods. Bulldozers, excavators, scrapers, and dump trucks are used;

Hydromechanical - destruction and movement of soil is carried out by a flow of water (hydraulic monitors and suction dredgers are used);

Explosive - destruction (sometimes displacement) of soil by explosion energy;

Combined methods.

“Soil wall” technology.

The “wall in soil” technology is used in the construction of buried structures in urban areas: retaining walls, anti-filtration curtains, shallow tunnels, pits, underground garages, pedestrian crossings, liquid storage tanks, etc.).

The essence of the technology: excavations and trenches of various plan configurations are made in the ground, which are filled with enclosing structures made of monolithic or prefabricated reinforced concrete; The inner earthen core is developed by earthmoving machines, after which the main design structures are carried out. Structurally, the “soil wall” technology is divided into two types: pile and trench.

Pile - the enclosing structure is formed from a continuous row of vertical bored piles.

The trench method involves the development of narrow trenches using special earth-moving equipment (multi-bucket excavators, grabs, etc.) with subsequent reinforcement and concreting of the trenches. With this method, vertical installation (installation) of precast reinforced concrete slabs in trenches can be used.

Technology for constructing sinkholes.

When constructing structures, sometimes it becomes necessary to construct powerful or deeply laid foundations in difficult hydrogeological conditions. In this case, they resort to installing lowering systems. A lowering system is an enclosing structure in the form of a concrete, reinforced concrete or metal shell immersed in the ground, inside which a working space is created for construction and installation work. Lowering systems are made in the form of lowering wells or caissons. Drawer wells are hollow, usually massive, structures that are open at the top and bottom and are submerged under their own weight as the soil is removed from the cavity. Caissons are thin-walled structures that have a sealed ceiling on top, forming a working chamber with excess pressure, allowing work under water.

List of sources used

1. Mikulsky V.G. Construction materials. - M.: ASV Publishing House, 2002. - 534 p.

2. Unified tariff and qualification directory of works and professions of workers. Issue 1. Professions of workers common to all sectors of the national economy (approved by resolution of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR and the Secretariat of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated January 31, 1985 No. 31/3-30) (as amended on October 12, 1987, December 18, 1989, May 15, June 22, December 18, 1990, December 24, 1992, February 11, July 19, 1993, June 29, 1995, June 1, 1998, May 17, 2001)

3. 7 STP 101-00. General requirements and rules for preparing final qualified projects (works), reports on RGR, practice and abstracts. Enter. from 24.11.00. - Orenburg: OSU, 2000.

4. SNiP 12-03-2001 Labor safety in construction