Presentation on biology on the topic "Digestion in the intestines. Barrier role of the liver"

Lesson objectives: educational: reveal the meaning
large and small intestines, concepts
absorption, the role of the liver and
appendicitis;
developing: teach correctly
take care of yourself and look after yourself
for health;
educational: expansion
outlook.

Checking homework

1. Why is there no food for several
weeks almost always leads to death?
2. How does food change in the digestive organs?
3. What changes occur with food in the stomach?
4. What is the role hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
5. What does gastric juice contain?
6. What are enzymes?
7. Under what conditions do enzymes act?
gastric juice that breaks down proteins?

Small intestine

The small intestine is
longest department
digestive tract
(5-6 m).
The diameter of the small intestine is not
uniform: in
its proximal part
equal to 4-6 cm, in the distal
- 2.5 - 3 cm.

Digestion in the small intestine.

In the small intestine
are being developed
enzymes that
together with enzymes,
produced
pancreas and
gallbladder,
contribute
breaking down food into
individual components.
This is also what happens here
suction.

Intestinal villi.

Intestinal villus wall
formed by a single layer
epithelium. Inside the villi there are blood vessels, a lymphatic vessel, and nerve fibers.
Protein breakdown products
(amino acids) and carbohydrates
(glucose) enters
blood vessels.
Fat breakdown products
(glycerol and fatty acids)
absorbed by the epithelium
villi. In his cells
fatty substances are formed
typical for this
body.

Large intestine.

Inside of the colon
lined with mucous membrane
shell that makes it easier
promotion of feces and
protective wall
guts from harmful
impact
digestive enzymes
and mechanical damage.
Colon muscles
work independently of will
person.

Appendix.

Appendix -
appendix
8-13 cm long.
This is a secure storage
for bacteria, which
usually misses
intestinal contents,
thanks to which the organ can
be original
"farm" where
useful ones multiply
microorganisms.

Functions of the large intestine.

Formation
feces
Water absorption.
Final
split
proteins.
Microbiological
synthesis of vitamins.

Barrier role of the liver.

The liver is not only
separates
digestive
juice - bile, but also
performs
the most important
function
neutralization
toxic substances.

Liver functions:

1) harmful substances are neutralized,
entered the body through the digestive system;
2) destroyed red blood cells are retained;
3) toxic products of protein metabolism are converted into
less toxic urea;
4) bile is produced;
5) a number of amino acids and most proteins are synthesized
blood plasma;
6) excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored
in this form, and with a lack of blood sugar again
are converted to glucose.

Conclusions:

1. Small intestine - part of the human digestive tract,
located between the stomach and large intestine. In thin
The intestine is where the digestion process takes place.
2. Large intestine - lower, terminal part
digestive tract, namely the lower intestine,
in which water is mainly absorbed and
formation from food gruel (chyme) formed
feces It is a derivative of the hindgut.
3. Absorption of nutrients, water, electrolytes
carried out mainly in the small intestine. Suction
nutrients in the colon are negligible.
4. The liver performs the most important function of detoxification
toxic substances.

Consolidation.

How does the intestinal villi function?
The villous epithelium absorbs glycerol and fatty
acids, and from them synthesizes fat. Is it different from
edible fat?
Why is the liver called the main chemical
laboratory of the body?
How does the liver maintain the constant composition of its internal
body environment?
Where is the cecum with the appendix located?

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Text content of presentation slides: Lesson topic: Functions of the small and large intestines. The role of the liver. Lesson objectives: educational: to reveal the meaning of the large and small intestines, the concepts of absorption, the role of the liver and appendicitis; developmental: to teach how to properly care for oneself and monitor health; educational: broadening one’s horizons. Examination homework 1. Why does lack of food for several weeks almost always lead to death?2. How does food change in the digestive organs?3. What changes occur with food in the stomach?4. What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?5. What does gastric juice contain?6. What are enzymes?7. Under what conditions do gastric juice enzymes that break down proteins act? Small intestine The small intestine is the longest section of the digestive tract (5-6 m). The diameter of the small intestine is not uniform: in its proximal section it is 4-6 cm, in the distal section it is 2.5-3 cm. Digestion in the small intestine. The small intestine produces enzymes that, together with enzymes produced by the pancreas and gall bladder, help break down food into individual components. Absorption also occurs here. Intestinal villi. The wall of the intestinal villi is formed by single-layer epithelium. Inside the villi are blood vessels, a lymphatic vessel, and nerve fibers. The products of the breakdown of proteins (amino acids) and carbohydrates (glucose) enter the blood vessels. The products of the breakdown of fats (glycerol and fatty acids) are absorbed by the epithelium of the villi. In its cells, fatty substances characteristic of this organism are formed. Large intestine. The inside of the large intestine is lined with a mucous membrane, which facilitates the passage of feces and protects the intestinal walls from harmful effects digestive enzymes and mechanical damage. The muscles of the colon work independently of the will of the person. Appendix. The appendix is ​​a vermiform appendage 8-13 cm long. It is a reliable storage for bacteria, which usually does not contain intestinal contents, so the organ can be a kind of “farm” where beneficial microorganisms multiply. Functions of the large intestine. Formation of feces. Absorption of water. Final breakdown of proteins. Microbiological synthesis of vitamins. Barrier role of the liver. The liver not only separates digestive juice - bile, but also performs the most important function of neutralizing toxic substances. Functions of the liver: 1) harmful substances that enter the body through the digestive system are neutralized; 2) destroyed red blood cells are retained; 3) toxic products of protein metabolism are converted into less toxic urea; 4) bile is produced; 5) a number of amino acids and most blood plasma proteins are synthesized; 6) excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in this form, and if there is a lack of sugar in the blood, it is again converted into glucose. Conclusions: 1. The small intestine is a section of the human digestive tract located between the stomach and large intestine. The process of digestion mainly occurs in the small intestine.2. The large intestine is the lower, terminal part of the digestive tract, namely the lower part of the intestine, in which water is mainly absorbed and formed feces are formed from food gruel (chyme). It is a derivative of the hindgut.3. Absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes occurs mainly in the small intestine. Absorption of nutrients in the colon is negligible.4. The liver performs the most important function of neutralizing toxic substances. Consolidation. How does the intestinal villi function? The villus epithelium absorbs glycerol and fatty acids, and synthesizes fat from them. Is it different from dietary fat? Why is the liver called the main chemical laboratory of the body? How does the liver maintain a constant composition internal environment body? Where is the cecum with the appendix located?

Attached files

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

1 slide

Slide description:

2 slide

Slide description:

Lesson objectives: educational: to reveal the meaning of the large and small intestines, the concept of absorption, the role of the liver and appendicitis; developmental: teach how to properly care for yourself and monitor your health; educational: broadening one's horizons.

3 slide

Slide description:

Homework check 1. Why does not eating for several weeks almost always lead to death? 2. How does food change in the digestive organs? 3. What changes occur with food in the stomach? 4. What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach? 5. What does gastric juice contain? 6. What are enzymes? 7. Under what conditions do gastric juice enzymes that break down proteins act?

4 slide

Slide description:

Small intestine The small intestine is the longest section of the digestive tract (5-6 m). The diameter of the small intestine is not uniform: in its proximal section it is 4-6 cm, in the distal section it is 2.5-3 cm.

5 slide

Slide description:

Digestion in the small intestine. The small intestine produces enzymes that, together with enzymes produced by the pancreas and gallbladder, help break down food into its individual components. Absorption also occurs here.

6 slide

Slide description:

Intestinal villi. The wall of the intestinal villi is formed by single-layer epithelium. Inside the villi are blood vessels, a lymphatic vessel, and nerve fibers. The breakdown products of proteins (amino acids) and carbohydrates (glucose) enter the blood vessels. The products of fat breakdown (glycerol and fatty acids) are absorbed by the villus epithelium. In its cells, fatty substances characteristic of this organism are formed.

7 slide

Slide description:

8 slide

Slide description:

Large intestine. The inside of the large intestine is lined with a mucous membrane, which facilitates the passage of feces and protects the intestinal walls from the harmful effects of digestive enzymes and mechanical damage. The muscles of the colon work independently of the will of the person.

Slide 9

Slide description:

Appendix. The appendix is ​​a vermiform appendage 8-13 cm long. It is a reliable storage for bacteria, which usually does not contain intestinal contents, so the organ can be a kind of “farm” where beneficial microorganisms multiply.

10 slide

Slide description:

Functions of the large intestine. Formation of feces. Water absorption. Final breakdown of proteins. Microbiological synthesis of vitamins.

11 slide

Slide description:

Barrier role of the liver. The liver not only separates digestive juice - bile, but also performs the most important function of neutralizing toxic substances.

12 slide

Slide description:

Slide 13

Slide description:

Functions of the liver: 1) neutralize harmful substances that enter the body through the digestive system; 2) destroyed red blood cells are retained; 3) toxic products of protein metabolism are converted into less toxic urea; 4) bile is produced; 5) a number of amino acids and most blood plasma proteins are synthesized; 6) excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in this form, and if there is a lack of sugar in the blood, it is again converted into glucose.

Slide 14

Slide description:

Conclusions: 1. The small intestine is a section of the human digestive tract located between the stomach and large intestine. The process of digestion mainly occurs in the small intestine. 2. Large intestine - the lower, terminal part of the digestive tract, namely the lower part of the intestine, in which water is mainly absorbed and formed feces are formed from food gruel (chyme). It is a derivative of the hindgut. 3. Absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes occurs mainly in the small intestine. Absorption of nutrients in the colon is negligible. 4. The liver performs the most important function of neutralizing toxic substances.

15 slide

Slide description:

Consolidation. How does the intestinal villi function? The villous epithelium absorbs glycerol and fatty acids, and synthesizes fat from them. Is it different from dietary fat? Why is the liver called the main chemical laboratory of the body? How does the liver maintain the constant composition of the body's internal environment? Where is the cecum with the appendix located?

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