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Which receives information about the status. “Everyone has the right to reliable information about the state of the environment” - how to implement it? Creation of a quality system

The concept and types of environmental rights of citizens.

Under environmental human rights are understood individual rights recognized and enshrined in legislation, ensuring the satisfaction of various human needs when interacting with nature.

Fundamental rights are enshrined in the Constitution:

1. the right to a favorable environment,

2. the right to reliable information about her condition

3. the right to compensation for damage caused to his health or property by an environmental violation

In the Federal Law "On the Protection environment"Constitutional environmental rights are partially reproduced, but in a deteriorated version. According to Article 11, an analysis of environmental rights enshrined in legislation, i.e. human rights to nature or related to nature, allows us to combine them into the following groups:

Rights aimed at meeting human needs at the expense of natural resources. These include right to a healthy environment And environmental rights(water use, subsoil use, forestry).

Rights aimed at protecting health from adverse environmental influences. the right to health protection (Article 41), on work in conditions that meet safety requirements(Article 37), and also on radiation safety

Rights that serve as a means of ensuring compliance and protection of the rights to a favorable environment and protection of health from the adverse effects of the environment.

ü the right to reliable information about the state of the environment,

ü for compensation for damage caused to human health or property by an environmental violation,

ü to protect the environment from negative impacts caused by economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergencies, to compensate for damage to the environment

ü create public associations, foundations and other non-profit organizations, carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection;

ü take part in meetings, rallies, demonstrations, processions and picketing, collecting signatures for petitions, referendums on environmental issues

The right to apply to obtain information about the state of the environment.

Citizens own right to send appeals to government bodies Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies local government, other organizations and officials to receive timely, complete and reliable information about the state of the environment in their places of residence, and measures to protect it.

Information – any information, regardless of the form of its presentation.

The object of relations arising in the course of realizing the right of citizens to environmental information is the environmental information, which may contain information:

About the state of the earth, soil, subsoil, water, atmospheric air, flora and fauna, natural complexes;

About an environmental threat or risk to human health and life; about chemical, physical and biological impacts on the state and objects of the environment and their sources;

About activities that negatively affect or may affect natural objects and humans;

On measures to protect the environment, including legal, administrative and other;

On the activities of government bodies, legal entities and citizen-entrepreneurs in the field of natural resource management, environmental management, environmental protection, ensuring compliance and protection of environmental rights and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities, if the need for such activities is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The guarantees of citizens' rights are the timeliness of environmental information provided by official bodies, its reliability and completeness.

So, reliable recognized as non-distorted environmentally significant information that is or should be available to specially authorized state bodies in the field of environmental management and environmental protection and other subjects of law within their competence.

Full can be considered the information that is transmitted interested parties to the extent that a state body, local government body or other owner (owner) of information resources can or should have it.

Timely information transmitted to the person who applied for it may be recognized to the maximum extent short terms from the moment of the request and necessarily - until the expiration of the period specified in the legislation, if any. In case the authorities do not respond within 1 month When citizens request information about the state of the environment in their places of residence, citizens in such a situation have the right to file a complaint with a higher authority or court.

The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation (Article 8.5) provides for administrative liability for “concealing or distorting environmental information.” ( Concealment, deliberate misrepresentation or late reporting complete and reliable information about the state of the environment and natural resources, about sources of pollution of the environment and natural resources or other harmful effects on the environment and natural resources, on the radiation situation, as well as distortion of information about the state of lands, water bodies and other environmental objects by persons obliged to report such information).

RRS Ufa

UDC 621.317.3

OBTAINING INFORMATION ABOUT THE STATE AND PARAMETERS OF COMPLEX HEAT-DEPENDENT OBJECTS

V. G. Gusev, A. Yu. Demin, T. V. Mirina

The issues of creating measuring systems for estimating the parameters of complex heat-dependent objects are considered. The research results are discussed.

Key words: measuring systems, measuring transducers, diagnostics, heat-dependent objects, specified electrical power.

Heat-dependent objects are understood as those devices whose parameters depend on the power with which they are acted upon and the time during which a state of thermodynamic equilibrium occurs in the system, i.e., on the energy expended to obtain a new state of the object. These include both temperature-dependent elements and devices with nonlinear current-voltage characteristics (CV characteristics). Essentially, the terms “nonlinearity” and “heat dependence” characterize the same property of a physical body. Any real-life object with a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic is classified as heat-dependent, and any heat-dependent object has nonlinearity in the current-voltage characteristic. At the conceptual level, the difference in these terms is quantitative.

When manifestations are quickly observed, they speak of nonlinearity in the object, and when they are slow, they talk about temperature dependence. In this article, this distinction is not made, but the single term “thermal object” is used, regardless of the period of time during which the properties of the object are revealed. Moreover, the phenomenological reasons for the manifestation of thermal dependence or nonlinearity are not considered.

In real-life heat-dependent objects, which include semiconductor devices, devices containing liquids, as well as living systems and organisms, it is necessary to evaluate the parameters characterizing their state or compliance with the declared properties and characteristics. With their help, certification is carried out and suitability for a specific purpose is determined. In biological objects, using the parameter values, they try to determine the reasons due to which deviations from the normal functioning of the body arose, i.e., diagnostics are performed based on the principles of maximum likelihood.

To obtain information about the state of complex systems, their equivalent circuit is usually considered and a measuring circuit is created, with the help of which it is possible to estimate the value or range of changes in the value.

values ​​of the element that is most important for assessing the properties or state of a given object.

In the case of heat-dependent objects, the task is complicated by the fact that stable and reproducible results can be obtained only if the energy regimes created by the measuring circuits are stable and unchanged for any object of this type, and the transient processes of establishing a state caused by the energy interaction of the object with the measuring circuit, ends by the time the result is obtained. The latter indicates that a state of thermodynamic equilibrium has arrived, in which there is a balance between the external energy introduced into the object and the energy taken from it. Only with equilibrium and certainty with the thermodynamic state of the system can reproducible results be obtained, and it becomes possible to quantify and normalize the values ​​of the corresponding parameters.

In technical objects, the problem of heat dependence of parameters is avoided by introducing into them during measurements a minimum amount of energy that could change their basic properties, and by stabilizing the conditions under which they are assessed. In relation to objects of living nature, this is much more difficult to do due to the large dynamic range in which sensitivity to external influences manifests itself (up to 1012), uncertainty with threshold value, after which heat dependence begins to manifest itself, a large number of artifacts distort the received information. Without taking into account the actual heat dependence of technical devices and especially living objects, it is not possible to obtain objective and reproducible information about their parameters or condition.

Let us illustrate this idea with an example. Throughout the 1960-1990s, electronics specialists tried to create diagnostic devices that would evaluate the condition of acupuncture points (APs) used for acupuncture. Based on their parameters, diagnostics were to be carried out and

66 _ Bepvogv & Vuvgetv No. 8.2009

О 100 200 3 00 I, μA

Rice. 1. View of the current-voltage characteristic of the skin (1) and at the acupuncture point (2)

I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-

100 300 600 900 1200 R, µW

0 300 600 900 1200 R, μW b)

Rice. 2. Current-voltage characteristics at the acupuncture point (a) and for the skin (b), rearranged in coordinates R = f(P)

optimize treatment regimens. Numerous conferences were held, doctoral dissertations were defended, instruments for assessing the electrical conductivity of TA and diagnostic systems created on their basis were produced and are being produced. But they did not receive recognition from the scientific medical community due to poor reproducibility of the results obtained. It is now clear that positive results could not be obtained due to the fact that any living organism is a complex nonlinear heat-dependent system. Thus, the current-voltage characteristics of the section between two electrodes, obtained in the thermodynamic equilibrium mode, including with a measuring circuit, have the form

shown in Fig. 1. Moreover, curve 1 characterizes the current-voltage characteristic for the skin, and curve 2 - for the acupuncture point.

The current-voltage characteristics rearranged in the coordinates R = /(P), where R is the resistance of the zone between the electrodes, P is the electrical power dissipated in this area, are shown in Fig. 2. It can be seen here that the resistance value between the two electrodes varies significantly depending on the electrical power dissipated during measurements by the measuring circuit. Thus, the electrical resistance in the TA varies from 510 kOhm at a dissipation power P = 50 μW to 41 kOhm at a power P = 1980 μW. For the skin outside the TA, the resistance varies from 1400 kOhm at P = 35 μW to 5700 kOhm at P = 275 μW and 70 kOhm at P = 2800 μW.

Estimated resistance values ​​at one of the acupuncture points, obtained by processing the data given in the work, are presented in the table. The data presented clearly show that for heat-dependent objects, the results obtained are highly variable and depend on the electrical power at which they were assessed. Consequently, any normalization of the values ​​of electrical parameters of heat-dependent objects is possible and rational only for cases when the value of the electrical power involved in the process of interaction with it is clearly defined. Moreover, if the result is obtained within a short time of interaction with the measuring circuit with a shorter duration of setting the parameters than is necessary to establish the state of thermodynamic equilibrium, then the data obtained will characterize the state of thermodynamic equilibrium in the system that existed before the connection of the measuring circuit. After a period of time determined by the object’s own properties, the process of establishing a new state of thermodynamic equilibrium will occur. The data obtained will characterize the properties of the object at a new thermodynamic equilibrium state.

The following conclusions follow from this:

The parameters of a heat-dependent object should be determined using technical means, which introduce

Resistance values ​​in the TA and outside the TA zone depending on the value of electrical power P (P = O/)

At the tzu-san-li point Outside the acupuncture points

P, µW R, kOhm P, µW R, kOhm

300 330 171 2100

552 130 230 2300

1260 39 950 3800

1980 41 1020 283

a constant known thermodynamic disturbance is introduced into the object;

The duration of the thermodynamic disturbance must be such that a state of thermodynamic equilibrium is established in the object; therefore, the results obtained over a certain time will depend on the value of energy A = P-1, which is introduced into the heat-dependent object.

Only by taking these circumstances into account can it be possible to create devices that make it possible to obtain stable, reproducible and metrologically reliable information about the properties of a heat-dependent object or its state.

However, if a heat-dependent object has a rather complex internal structure, then the amount of information obtained using technical means operating in the mode of a given value of electrical power of interaction with the measured object will not be enough for an unambiguous interpretation of the causes of deviations that have arisen, i.e., identification of the main indicators of the “black” box", which is the object of research. To increase the reliability of the assessment, it is necessary to use operations of interaction of the object with a source that ensures the dissipation of a constant average value of electrical power in the load (in this case, the frequency of exposure may vary). This will provide certainty and reproducibility of the electrical mode in which information about the parameters of the heat-dependent element is obtained.

Additional information about the state of a heat-dependent object is provided by measuring the properties of the object in the idle mode of the electrodes and when they are short-circuited, in which the electric current flowing in the circuit. When using a combination of these modes, carried out in a certain sequence, it is possible to obtain a large amount of information about the parameters and state of heat-dependent objects. Moreover, the metrological reliability of information will be much greater than what is currently obtained using traditional approaches and methods used. To obtain the maximum amount of information about the properties of a heat-dependent object, which in the general case may be electrically active, it is advisable to carry out assessments in the following modes:

Idle speed measuring

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  • FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION OF DEVICES FOR LOCAL QUASI-RESONANCE INFLUENCE ON BIOORGANISM

    GUSEV VLADIMIR GEORGIEVICH, MIRINA TATIANA VLADIMIROVNA - 2004

    • Task. For many years, the Kirov Rural Construction Plant (SSK) unloaded from barges onto the river bank. Vyatka sand. The storage location is the village of Krasnoe (within the city of Kirov) located in the second zone of the sanitary protection zone of the city water intake.

    The Kirov City Committee for Nature Protection ordered the SSC to change the sand delivery technology and refused to approve the allocation of a land plot for sand storage. The administration of the Novovyatsky district refused to allocate land to SSC for this purpose.

    • -- on what legal basis is economic activity carried out in the village of Krasnoye;
    • -- what SSC does to protect the environment;

    During the year, the management of SSC did not respond to these and repeated similar requests from the Company and citizen S., and therefore they filed statements of claim (separately) to the court at the location of the defendant to protect the right to receive environmental information.

    The court refused to accept the claims.

    The former deputy chairman of the Company, citizen K. (by that time not working for the Company) also requested information from the SSC and, having received no response, filed a claim against the SSC for the provision of information, citing Art. 24 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On information, informatization and information protection” of February 20, 1995.

    What are the rights of citizens and public association violated?

    Are there legal grounds for protecting violated rights in court?

    In what form should the right to information be protected: in the form of a complaint against the actions of officials or in the form of a lawsuit?

    What steps would you advise citizens and their associations to take in this or a similar situation for the most effective protection their environmental rights?

    Solve the matter.

    Solution

    Art. 42 of the Code of the Russian Federation, everyone has the right to a favorable environment, reliable information about its condition and to compensation for damage caused to his health or property by an environmental violation. In addition, there are the following grounds for protecting violated rights in court:

    Article 3) provides for the basic principle of “respect for everyone’s right to receive reliable information about the state of the environment, as well as the participation of citizens in decision-making regarding their rights to a favorable environment, in accordance with the law”

    Article 12 Federal Law “On Environmental Protection” dated January 10, 2002 N 7-FZ (as amended by Federal Law dated 05/09/2005 N 45-FZ). Rights and obligations of public and other non-profit associations operating in the field of environmental protection

    1. Public and other non-profit associations carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection have the right:

    develop, promote and implement, in the prescribed manner, programs in the field of environmental protection, protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens in the field of environmental protection, and involve citizens on a voluntary basis in activities in the field of environmental protection;

    at the expense of own and borrowed funds, carry out and promote activities in the field of environmental protection, reproduction of natural resources, and ensuring environmental safety;

    provide assistance to state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments in resolving environmental protection issues;

    organize meetings, rallies, demonstrations, processions and picketing, collect signatures for petitions and take part in these events in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, make proposals for holding referendums on environmental issues and discussing projects related to environmental protection;

    contact state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, other organizations and officials to receive timely, complete and reliable information about the state of the environment, measures to protect it, circumstances and economic facts and other activities that pose a threat to the environment, life, health and property of citizens;

    participate in the prescribed manner in making economic and other decisions, the implementation of which may have a negative impact on the environment, life, health and property of citizens;

    contact state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and other organizations with complaints, statements, claims and proposals on issues related to environmental protection, negative impacts on the environment, and receive timely and reasonable responses;

    organize and conduct, in the prescribed manner, hearings on the design and placement of facilities, economic and other activities of which may harm the environment, create a threat to the life, health and property of citizens;

    organize and conduct public environmental assessments in accordance with the established procedure;

    submit to the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, and the court of appeal for the cancellation of decisions on the design, placement, construction, reconstruction, operation of facilities, the economic and other activities of which may have a negative impact on the environment, on the limitation, suspension and termination of economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment;

    bring claims to court for compensation for environmental damage;

    exercise other rights provided for by law.

    2. Public and other non-profit associations, when carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection, are required to comply with requirements in the field of environmental protection.

    Article 24 of the Federal Law “On information, informatization and information protection” dated February 20, 1995 N 24-FZ (as amended by Federal Law dated January 10, 2003 N 15-FZ).

    1. Denial of access to open information or provision of knowingly false information to users may be appealed in court.

    Failure to perform or improper execution obligations under a supply, purchase and sale agreement, and other forms of exchange information resources between organizations are considered by an arbitration court.

    In all cases, persons denied access to information and persons who have received false information have the right to compensation for the damage they have suffered.

    • 2. The court considers disputes about the unjustified classification of information as information with limited access, claims for compensation for damages in cases of unjustified refusal to provide information to users or as a result of other violations of user rights.
    • 3. Managers and other employees of public authorities and organizations guilty of illegally restricting access to information and violating the information protection regime are liable in accordance with criminal, civil legislation and legislation on administrative offenses.

    Consequently, it is best and legislatively more significant to protect the right of citizens to information in the form of legal proceedings.

    To most effectively protect their environmental rights, they should file a complaint or an application to bring the perpetrators to administrative responsibility to higher authorities of the prosecutor's office and court.

    environmental law information environment

    Literature

    • 1. Brinchuk M.M. Environmental law (environmental law): Textbook. M.: Yurist, 1999. 688 p.
    • 2. Erofeev B.V. Environmental law of Russia: Textbook. M.: Yurist, 1996. 624 p.
    • 3. Bogolyubov S.A. Environmental law. Textbook for universities. M.: Publishing group NORMA-INFRA-M, 1998. 448 p.
    • 4. Environmental law of Russia: Textbook / ed. V.D. Ermakova, A.Ya. Sukhareva. M.: IMPE, 1997. 478 p.
    • 5. Commentary on the Law of the RSFSR “On the Protection of the Natural Environment” / rep. ed. S.A. Bogolyubov. M.: Publishing group INFRA-M-NORMA, 1997. 382 p.
    • 6. Makovik R.S. Environmental law. Definitions, diagrams, comments. M.: Manuscript, 1996. 88 p.

    Continues environmental and legal education of citizens and presents to your attention another infographic on the topic “Openness of environmental information.”

    First of all, it is necessary to understand what environmental information is and how its openness is expressed. According to the environmental directory, environmental information is “any information in written, audiovisual, electronic or any other material form about the state of elements of the environment; factors that have or can have an impact on environmental elements; state of health and safety of people; living conditions of people; condition of cultural objects, buildings and structures.” The openness of this information presupposes the unhindered receipt of information about the state of the environment by the public, as well as the opportunity to take part in solving environmental problems.

    In Russian legislation, unlike reference books, there is no definition of environmental information, and the rules governing its receipt are rather formal, declarative in nature. However, the issue of obtaining environmental information is extremely important. First of all, because the right to receive it is enshrined in Article 42 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.


    Moreover, concealment, distortion or failure to provide environmental information can lead to administrative and even criminal liability for persons who are obliged to provide it.

    What kind of environmental information and in what form should it be provided? Information about this can be found in Federal Law No. 7 “On the Environment” of January 10, 2002 and in more than 30 special federal laws. The environmental information to which you are entitled, according to these documents, must have three essential characteristics - to be complete, reliable and timely. Without going into long thoughts on this debatable and sometimes controversial topic, we decided to immediately tell you where to look for environmental information.

    You can find existing information in many sources. Both government agencies and the media publish new laws and documents in the field of environmental protection. Many government agencies have electronic reception desks, where you can independently send an appeal if you do not find the information you need in the public domain. The main sources of environmental information include:

    - Ministry of Natural Resources and his departments ( Rosprirodnadzor, Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources, Federal Agency for Subsoil Use, Federal Agency for Water Resources, Federal Agency for Forestry);
    - Roshydromet - the main body that monitors the environment;
    - Rostechnadzor, Rosselkhoznadzor, Rospotrebnadzor;
    - help systems Consultant Plus and Garant . They partially provide free access, but a paid subscription is required to access the entire document database. These systems include legislation in all sectors, including the environmental sector;
    - portals and open data sections. There are portals at the federal level, for example, government or Open Government portal , as well as open data portals in individual regions and private ones;
    - Rosreestr , on whose website information is published related to the monitoring of lands and land management, including those that are part of nature reserves, national parks, etc.
    - "Rossiyskaya Gazeta" , which promptly publishes the latest changes in federal legislation. Documents at the regional level are published in regional and local publications;
    - in regional and municipal departments.
    Also, important information can be published by companies and organizations that in one way or another work in the field of environmental management.

    Of course, obtaining the necessary environmental information is sometimes a little problematic, although the right to it is prescribed by law. Requires patience to navigate through some confusing sites necessary information, and in order to wait for a response if you sent questions of interest through reception (on average, the processing time for an application is 30 days).

    When implementing the project, funds are used state support, allocated as a grant in accordance with the order of the President of the Russian Federation dated April 1, 2015. No. 79-rp and on the basis of a competition held by the Movement "

    The work of organizing operational services begins with the fact that an employee of the operational unit who has received an industry (zone, line of work) for operational services must know how many and what kind of enterprises (institutions, organizations) are located in the serviced territory. Next, the employee begins to analyze the state of the operational situation. IN in general terms The content of the operational situation includes the following groups of factors:

    geographical;

    climatic;

    economic;

    socio-demographic;

    criminogenic;

    the presence of operational-search and other forces and means available to the subject of analysis.

    This set of characteristics is used mainly by management structures. For the operational staff of law enforcement agencies, as a rule, it is necessary to analyze the operational situation at the serviced facility (group of facilities), territory or line of work. In this regard, the content of the operational situation is significantly narrowed and includes only the following factors:

    Socio-economic characteristics;

    Crime situation;

    The forces and means of an operational law enforcement officer.

    As a result of the analysis of the operational situation in a certain territory The employee must receive the following information:

    1. According to socio-economic characteristics:

    economic potential (number of enterprises, institutions, organizations, their focus economic activity);

    industrial and other connections; entrepreneurial activity of the population;

    the situation of socially weakly protected categories of citizens; level of tax collection;

    presence and condition of communications, etc.

    2. According to the criminal situation:

    Structure, level, dynamics and specific gravity crime;

    The presence and nature of activities of persons of operational interest;

    Prevalence of administrative offenses; criminological characteristics of persons committing offenses;

    State of preservation of property; conditions conducive to the commission of crimes, etc.;

    3. Forces and means of the operational law enforcement agency:

    Availability and quality characteristics of confidential employees;

    List of subjects with whom the detective interacts and forms of interaction;

    Technical equipment of the operational officer, etc.

    The study of:

    Production technologies, accounting procedures, expenditure, transportation, storage of these funds;

    Data regarding financially responsible and other persons with direct access to drugs, the sources of their material security, its correspondence to the income received; lifestyle, connections, criminal records and other materials indicating the probable criminal activities of those being inspected;

    Materials from audits of economic activities of enterprises and institutions, complaints about the supply of raw materials and finished products; other documents relating to the production, acquisition, storage, destruction, release and consumption of drugs;

    Structures and procedures for the security of enterprises, institutions, organizations and other objects, implementation of access control at them;

    The procedure for selecting and placing personnel directly related to drug operations.

    Employees of law enforcement agencies during the Operational search activities at drug production and storage sites should be aimed at identifying:

    Drug addicts, drug users See the Unified Departmental Dictionary of Terms Used in Assessing the Scale of Drug Distribution and Illicit Consumption. - M.: FSKN, 2006., persons previously convicted of theft of state property and crimes related to drugs, among financially responsible and other persons with access to drugs;

    Prescriptions written out for fictitious patients and persons for whom medical use of narcotic drugs is not prescribed;

    Cases of replacing drugs in ampoules and other containers with other means;

    Facts of misappropriation of drugs due to their fictitious write-off for scientific research or treatment of oncological or other categories of patients;

    Forged documents for the destruction of narcotic medicines with expired shelf life and facts of misappropriation of such medicines;

    Operational and other information about the appearance of a batch of narcotic drugs in illicit trafficking in the serviced territory and taking measures to establish their quantity, volume, frequency of appearance, features of labeling, packaging, packaging.

    Thus, proper organization operational work on the indicated objects for the purpose of carrying out preventive and operational investigative measures cannot be ensured without a thorough study of the features of their production activities, knowledge of the contingent of workers who are entrusted with operations with narcotic drugs, the state of preservation of state property at a particular enterprise.

    In addition to the above-mentioned enterprises involved in the production, storage, distribution and use of narcotic drugs, law enforcement agencies provide operational services to other facilities and territories, which include:

    Joint-stock companies, agro-industrial complexes engaged in the cultivation of hemp;

    Settlements where illegal planting of prohibited crops has been repeatedly recorded;

    Settlements located near tracts of wild hemp;

    Areas adjacent to transport communications located near places of cultivation or wild growth of narcotic plants;

    Processing facilities See the Unified Departmental Dictionary of Terms Used in Assessing the Extent of Drug Distribution and Illicit Use. - M.: FSKN, 2006., storage, production of drug-containing raw materials.

    Their operational service is aimed at identifying facts of illegal crops of poppy and hemp, identifying persons arriving in a given area for the purpose of stealing drug-containing plants from sown plantations or procuring wild hemp for further artisanal drug production, buyers of raw materials and artisanal drugs.

    Operational maintenance of territories and facilities is ensured by a combination of the following organizational measures:

    Study, analysis, assessment of the operational situation in the assigned territory or its individual parts;

    Determination of operational maintenance modes specific objects and territories;

    Organization of a system for collecting information of operational interest;

    Planning operational search and other activities to prevent and solve drug-related crimes.

    A comprehensive analysis and assessment of the current situation allows law enforcement officers to make adequate decisions for interaction between various services and units.

    Operational maintenance of objects and territories is impossible without planning and implementing a whole complex of secret activities, the basis of which is the work of selecting and placing a secret apparatus.

    Positive results in the fight against drug trafficking are achieved where they skillfully organize the work of selecting and placing secret sources of information. This contributes to the creation of a stable secret apparatus that can provide effective assistance in the fight against drug crime.

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