Presentation on the theme "savannah". School Powerpoint Presentations Economic Activities of People
SAVANNAH The presentation was prepared by a student of MBOU "Secondary School No. 31" 2nd grade "G" Maria Smolina, Kemerovo
Savannah is natural area, which is characterized by a change in dry and wet seasons of the year, is dominated by grass cover with individual trees or groups of trees. Vast areas of these amazing natural communities are located in Africa, although there are savannas in South America, Australia, and India.
Savannah vegetation Herbaceous vegetation of savannas consists mainly of tall, tough-leathery grasses; other perennial herbs and subshrubs are mixed in with the cereals. Shrubs sometimes grow in large thickets in savannas. Savannah trees are usually short-growing; the tallest of them are no taller than our fruit trees. Lichens, mosses and algae are found in savannas only along rocks and trees. Living conditions in the savannah are very harsh. Fires often occur there at the end of the dry seasons. For example, the baobab tree is distinguished by a thick, fire-protected trunk that, like a sponge, can store water reserves. Its long roots absorb moisture deep underground. Acacia has a wide, flat crown that creates shade for the leaves growing below, thereby protecting them from drying out.
Animals of the Savannah Nowhere in the world is there such a concentration of large animals as in African savannah. Raising a curtain of dust, herds of antelope and buffalo rush by with their stomping. Striped zebras graze next to ostriches. Giraffes, stretching their necks, pluck leaves from trees. Elephants walk slowly. In the evening, a roar echoes over the savannah - lions are out hunting. There are also many other predatory animals here - hyenas, cheetahs, leopards.
Leo is called the "king" of animals. They usually hunt at night: lions see perfectly in the dark. The entire lion family, the pride, goes hunting. Lions' prey includes antelopes, zebras and other animals. Lions are smart, hardy, trainable, and their performances can be seen in the circus. The largest mammal on Earth. His amazing - long and strong - nose is called the “trunk”. The main food in captivity is grass and hay. The body length reaches 6-7.5 m. The average body weight in females is 2.8 tons, in males - 5 tons.
The giraffe is a very beautiful animal. Its skin is decorated with a pattern of large red or brown spots. Thanks to its amazing neck, the giraffe plucks leaves from the highest branches of trees. His long tongue helps him with this. The giraffe is the tallest land animal on Earth. Conspicuous coloring helps zebras recognize each other from afar; black and white stripes can deceive an attacking enemy. Zebras eat grass. Zebras gather in large herds only before a long journey. They usually live in small herds.
This animal has a huge pointed horn growing on its nose. Rhinoceroses love to climb into water or swamps, or even roll in the mud. This is how animals escape the heat. Rhinoceroses have poor vision, but they have very good hearing. And even better is their sense of smell: by smell they find a familiar path to a lake or to a place where tasty grass grows. Spends most of its time in water. Eats grass. The hippopotamus has a massive body on short thick legs. In size it is second only to the elephant.
Savannah animals are forced to adapt to survive in drought conditions. Large herbivores, such as giraffes, zebras, wildebeest, elephants and rhinoceroses, are able to travel great distances and, if a place becomes too dry, they go to where it rains and where there is plenty of vegetation. Predators such as lions, cheetahs and hyenas hunt the wandering herds of animals. It is difficult for small animals to go in search of water, so they prefer to hibernate throughout the dry season.
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Animals of Africa
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Presentation “Animals of Africa” DZYUBAN OLGA VLADIMIROVNA GBDOU kindergarten No. 4 Kronstadt district of St. Petersburg
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SAVANNAH
Savannah - plains covered with grass and dense thorny bushes. Scattered throughout the plain are groups of tall, slender trees with a wide crown, similar to umbrellas. These trees are called umbrella acacias. Herds of herbivores and predators graze in the savanna.
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LION
Among the predatory animals of Africa, the lion undoubtedly ranks first. Essentially, this is a huge cat. Males have a thick mane on their shoulders and neck. Lioness are smaller, slimmer and have no mane. Lions live in groups - prides. Such a pride consists of 1 – 2 adult males, several lionesses and their offspring of different ages.
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OSTRICH
The most big bird in the world. He is almost 3 m tall. He cannot fly, but he is as good as a horse in running. Ostriches live in open areas and are not picky about food: they eat large insects, lizards, mice, seeds and plant sprouts.
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ZEBRA
A zebra is very similar to a horse, only the tail is not fluffy, but with a tassel at the end, and the mane is short, erect, as if trimmed. Well, and of course, the color is different, black and white, striped. Zebras are real Africans, they are not found in other places. They live in herds and eat grass. Zebras are wild and capricious; no one has yet managed to tame them.
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RHINOCEROS
On the nose of a rhinoceros there is a horn, or more often two: the front one is large, and the back one is small. The horn is a formidable weapon of the rhinoceros, and even the elephant gives way to it. The rhinoceros sees very poorly, but its hearing and sense of smell are excellent. Rhinoceroses live alone. They feed on branches of bushes and are not afraid of thorns or thorns.
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GAZELLE
Gazelle is a species of antelope. These animals are distinguished by their graceful physique and upward-curved horns. Typically, antelopes are tan, reddish, or gray in color, with white markings on their faces. The belly is also usually white. Many antelopes living on open plains gather in herds of up to 1,000 animals. Others live alone and in small groups.
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The crocodile is a distant relative of our lizards, it even looks like them. But he is completely different! This is a huge animal, up to 6 m in length, with a powerful tail and powerful jaws armed with sharp teeth. The body is covered with dense horny scutes, which even a bullet cannot take. Crocodiles live in the rivers and lakes of Africa, they swim and dive beautifully. They feed more often on fish, but they also catch animals. Crocodiles are also dangerous for people.
CROCODILE
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GIRAFFE
The tallest animal in the world. Its height is three human heights. An amazingly long neck and legs, a small head decorated with a pair of short horns, golden coloring with dark spots - this is what a giraffe looks like. Giraffes live only in Africa, in savannas. They feed on the leaves of acacia, mimosa and other plants. That's why you need a long neck! It is difficult for a giraffe to drink; it has to spread its front legs wide and bend its neck.
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G E P A R D
The cheetah is an amazing animal! He's like a mixture of two different animals. The head, body, tail, spotted coloring are from a cat, but he sits and hunts like a dog. Cheetahs are diurnal predators. Unlike other cats, they hunt by stalking prey rather than by ambush. The cheetah is the fastest land animal.
Tkachuk Daria
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PLAN
- Geographical location
- Climatic conditions
- Flora
- Animal world
- Soils
- Sources
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Geographical location
- Savannahs occupy almost 40% of the continent's area. It is located around moist equatorial forests.
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Climatic conditions
- Savannas are located in the subequatorial belt. Savannahs have two distinct seasons - a dry and hot winter and a rainy, hot summer. The average temperature in July and January is +22C. The average annual precipitation is from 500 to 2000 mm.
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- The baobab is rightfully considered one of the symbols of sub-Saharan Africa. This tree lives for 4-5 thousand years, its height rarely exceeds 25 m, but its girth is 40 m. Baobabs are not afraid of fires, but their enemies are elephants. They eat wet bark. Monkeys feast on the fruits of the tree.
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- Umbrella acacia. Branched acacias rise like huge umbrellas among the tall grasses. But there is no shade to be found under this umbrella. Small acacia leaves, positioned edge-on to the sun, transmit vertically falling rays. If you stand under an acacia umbrella and look up, the green crown against the background of the bright blue sky will seem lacy.
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Animal world
- The fauna of savannas is very diverse. The grass is eaten by termites, ants, herbivorous rodents. But the main lovers of grass are ruminants, who are hunted by large predators - lions, cheetahs, hyenas. The savannahs of Africa are home to real giants, elephants and rhinoceroses.
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- The African elephant is the largest land animal, its mass is 5 tons, its height is 3.5 m. And the body length is 4.5 m. African elephants used to live all over the continent. Now there are few of them left. They were exterminated for their valuable ivory - tusks. Now reserves have been created to preserve elephants. But it is difficult to restore the elephant population, since only by 10-15 years old do young elephants become adults.
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- Giraffes protect themselves from enemies by running, and sometimes their spotted color helps them hide. Despite their clumsy appearance, they run faster than a horse.
The tallest are giraffes (up to 6 m). They feed on leaves and shoots of trees, which they can easily reach due to their high growth.
But to take food from the ground, they either have to kneel or spread their legs wide apart.
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Soils
- Savannas are dominated by red-brown soils with a fertile layer thickness of up to 30 cm. It is quickly washed away during the rainy season if the soil is not fixed by vegetation.
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Economic activities of people
- Residents of the savannah have long been engaged in cattle breeding and agriculture. They clear new areas of savannas, while burning natural vegetation.
- Grows corn, pearl millet - sorghum, coffee tree, groundnut. Excursions are organized for tourists.
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Sources:
- Kondratyev B. A., Matreveli P. M. Geography lessons: 6th grade. – Enlightenment, 1990
- Korinskaya V. A. et al. Geography of continents and oceans: Textbook for 7th grade. avg. school-M.: Education, 1993.
- Photo gallery “Animal World” - thematic selection and software shell Absolut soft, 2002
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EQUATORIAL FORESTS AND SAVANNAS OF AFRICA.
- Vegetable and fauna forest zones of Equatorial Africa and African savannas.
- Prepared and conducted by a geography teacher
- Dorogin M.V.
- MBU Krasnoyarsk secondary school No. 2
- Equatorial forests account for 1/3 of the total forest area of the planet and 4/5 of the mass of all vegetation existing on Earth.
- Many valuable tree species grow in equatorial forests:
- rubber plant - Hevea, from the juice of which natural rubber is produced,
- black (ebony) and mahogany, producing valuable wood,
- cinchona.
- FICUS, a genus of trees, shrubs and woody vines of the mulberry family. More than 2000 species are native to tropical and subtropical regions of various continents. Numerous fruits similar to small seeds are located on the inner wall of the fleshy pear-shaped growths of the stem - syconia, i.e., they are collected in a kind of infructescence.
- Soils contain a lot of iron, which gives them a red color.
- Vast areas are heavily swamped.
- Monkeys
- CHIMPANZEE (Pan troglodytes)
- Mammals / Primates / Apes The great ape is distributed in equatorial Africa, where its representatives are found in tropical rain and montane forests (up to 3000 m above sea level). Chimpanzees are large monkeys with a total body length of up to 150 cm, of which the length of the head and body accounts for 75-95 cm; body weight 45-50 kg and even up to 80 kg. In chimpanzees, unlike orangutans, sexual dimorphism is less pronounced - in terms of body weight, for example, females make up 90% of males. The arms are much longer than the legs. Hands with long fingers, but the first finger is small. On the feet, the first toe is large, and there are skin membranes between the remaining toes. The ears are large, similar to human ones, the upper lip is high, the nose is small. The skin of the face, as well as the back surfaces of the hands and feet, is wrinkled. The coat is black, and both sexes have white hair on the chin. The body skin is light, but on the face different types its color varies. The average body temperature is 37.2 degrees.
- CHIMPANZEE
- Gorillas are large apes from the ape family. Distributed in the western and central regions of Equatorial Africa. The basis of nutrition is juicy greens. They reproduce once every 4-5 years. The duration of pregnancy is about 9 months. Usually one naked and helpless cub is born, which stays with its mother for up to three years.
- Female gorilla.
- Male gorilla.
- Gorilla
- Common hippopotamus and pygmy hippopotamus. The pygmy hippopotamus inhabits slow-moving water bodies in Central Africa. He leads a secretive and solitary life. A pygmy hippopotamus calf born on land weighs about 5 kg. The pygmy hippopotamus is rare and is listed in the International Red Book.
- Pygmy hippopotamus.
- Okapi is the only species of the genus, body length is about 2 m, height at withers up to 1.2 m, weighs about 250 kg; the neck and legs are not so long. The withers are higher than the sacrum. The muzzle is elongated, the ears are large, there are 2 short horns on the forehead with annually changing horny sheaths at the ends. The tongue is very long and mobile. The tail is short, thin, with a tuft of hair at the end. The coloring is variegated: the head is light with dark markings, the body is grayish-brown, the croup and limbs are with alternating white and dark transverse stripes. Rare animal; lives in Africa, in the tropical rainforests of the river basin. Congo. Lives alone or in pairs. It feeds mainly on foliage.
- Okapi
- AFRICAN ELEPHANT. The largest of modern land animals. The weight of old males reaches 7.5 tons, and the height at the shoulders is 4 m (on average, males have a mass of 5 tons, females - 3 tons). However, despite its massive build, the elephant is amazingly agile, easy to move, and fast without haste. It swims beautifully, with only its forehead and the tip of its trunk remaining above the surface of the water, overcomes steep climbs without visible effort, and feels free among the rocks. An amazing sight - a herd of elephants in the forest. Absolutely silently, the animals literally cut through the dense thickets. It seems that they are immaterial: no crackling, no rustling, no movement of branches and foliage. With an even, apparently unhurried step, the elephant covers enormous distances in search of food or escaping from danger, walking tens of kilometers during the night. It is not for nothing that it is considered useless to pursue a disturbed herd of elephants.
- AFRICAN ELEPHANT
- The golden cat is a predatory mammal of the cat family. It lives in the tropical rain forests of equatorial Africa, occurring from Senegal to northern Angola and from Congo in the west to southern Kenya in the east. Its main population lives in the Congo Basin and surrounding areas.
- Body length is 0.9-1.2 m, height at the withers is 38-50 cm. The average weight of males is 11-14 kg.
- The golden cat's usual habitat is the tropical rainforests of equatorial Africa, including mangrove and bamboo forests, but it is able to adapt to changes in the landscape, also found in dry forests, riverine thickets and clearings.
- They lead a solitary lifestyle, hunting mainly at night and resting on tree branches during the day.
- Golden cats' diet includes rodents, hyraxes, birds, small antelopes and small monkeys. They hunt both on the ground and in trees.
- golden cat
- Blue-yellow macaw
- Tricolor macaw
- Rainbow toucan
- In the humid tropical forests of equatorial Africa, as well as on the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, a parrot of the genus Psittacus, the Jaco, lives. Not so long ago, countless, noisy flocks of these wonderful birds nested among the mangroves. But, unfortunately, “civilization with an ax in its hands” got there too. Now the Gray Gray is under protection and is listed in the first article of the international register of endangered species. Fortunately, these parrots can breed in captivity and live up to 60 years. The gray coloration of this species combines very effectively with the bright red tail. Jacos are famous for their unique abilities to imitate various sounds, incl. and human speech.
- Tsetse is a genus of insects from the fly family, found in tropical and subtropical Africa. They are carriers of trypanosomiasis, a disease of animals and humans (sleeping sickness).
- This huge pachyderm lives in both Africa and South and Southeast Asia. There are two species of rhinoceroses in Africa, distinct from the Asian ones. African rhinoceroses have two horns and are adapted to habitats characterized by large spaces with very few trees. The Asian rhinoceros has only one horn and prefers to live in forest thickets. These animals are on the verge of extinction because they are mercilessly hunted by poachers for the horns they use. in great demand in some countries.
- Despite its mass, the African rhinoceros is very mobile and can make sharp turns while running.
- GIRAFFE Mammals / Artiodactyls / Giraffidae This animal is found throughout almost all of sub-Saharan Africa. The appearance of the giraffe is so unique that it cannot be confused with any other animal: a relatively small head on a disproportionately long neck, a sloping back, long legs. The giraffe is the tallest living mammal: its height from the ground to the forehead reaches 4.8-5.8 m. The weight of an adult male is about 750 kg, females are somewhat lighter.
- The African buffalo, along with the hippopotamus, is considered one of the most dangerous animals in Africa. Indeed, if a buffalo is wounded or feels danger to itself or its cubs, it does not hesitate to attack the aggressor and kill him with its powerful horns. Even the lion tries to avoid meeting him, as he is not sure of the outcome of the battle. Therefore, only buffaloes that have strayed from the herd, or old and sick animals that are unable to defend themselves, are attacked by predators. Buffalo herds often exceed several hundred heads, but can be larger.
- Zebras are a conditional subgenus of equines, including the species savannah (plain) zebra, desert zebra and mountain zebra.
- The zebra skin is original and easily recognizable. At first glance, all zebras seem the same, but in fact, each animal has its own stripe pattern, like human fingerprints. Countless attempts have been made to domesticate zebras (domesticate them like horses), but they always end in failure. The zebra does not tolerate riders or other loads on its rump. She is very shy and difficult to approach even in nature reserves.
- Zebras lack horns and other means of defense and flee from predators. Once surrounded, they defend themselves with their teeth and hooves.
- How to spot predators? Zebras' vision is not very sharp, so they often graze near other animals, such as giraffes or ostriches, which are able to notice the approach of predators earlier.
- A pursued zebra can travel at speeds of 80 kilometers per hour, but not for long
- Antelope
- WILDEBEEST
- Antelopes are a very diverse group. There are species the size of a hare, for example dik-dik, and there are also those that are as tall as a bull - eland.
- LION (Pantheraleo) Mammals / Carnivores / Felidae / has the most distinctive appearance among cats. This is a very large, powerfully built animal. Its males reach a length of 180-240 cm, not counting the tail (60-90 cm). The mass of a lion is from 180 to 227 kg.
- Cat families
- LEOPARD
- CHEETAH
- African ostrich
- The largest bird in terms of size and weight is the African ostrich, which cannot fly at all. It can reach a height of up to 2.7 meters and weigh up to 175 kilograms. The African ostrich is a member of the ostrich family, the order of ostriches. It has a dense build, a flattened head and a long neck. The beak of ostriches is straight and flat. The huge eyes of an ostrich are the largest eyes in the world among land animals. The diameter of one ostrich eye reaches 5 cm, and the weight of both eyes can exceed the weight of its brain.
- Today, these forests are mercilessly cut down, especially in connection with the construction of roads, the development of mineral deposits, and the plowing of the territory.
- Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. M.: 1982.
- What? For what? Why? M.: Eksmo. 2005.
- Everything about everything. M.: AST. 1995.
- Internet resources: Yandex.